4 Ways to Improve Your Resume

4 Ways to Improve Your Resume No matter how good your resume or C.V., it can always be better. Try the following four strategies to bump yours up into the category of greatness, and see if you can’t land that dream job. 1. Make it skim-ableEase of reading is key. Organize your document so that the hiring manager can find the information they need without effort or strain of any kind. Work hardest on the headers, eliminate unnecessary verbiage, and concentrate on putting the most important and relevant information in the first five words of each description. The faster they can get the gist of how great you are, the better.2. Tailor to the jobYes, tailoring each resume you send to the particular position is a pain- and requires a ton of extra work, but it’s a great habit to get into. It’s more important to do this than to have one resume that is formatted beautifully and fits perfectly on to one page. Figure out what the hiring manager wants from a candidate, and do your best to present yourse lf specifically in that light.3. Make it mobileWe never used to have to think about how our perfectly formatted resume would read on a smart phone or a PDA. This is, however, the world we live in now. Double check how your files open on these mobile devices and alter accordingly to make sure you’re not shortchanging yourself if a hiring manager reads your application on the run.4. Go liveMake a website for yourself for job search purposes. It doesn’t need to include much more than your resume, but it’s always useful to have a direct link in case a file is unreadable on one device or computer or the other. It’s also a very useful way to encourage people to look at your portfolio- without being asked for it directly.Endless tinkering of your resume is not the idea here. Just make sure you’re firing on all cylinders, then update it, and let it go. Get out there and get the job!

A Misleading Trip to the Gym essays

A Misleading Trip to the Gym essays In common nomenclature, the words vanity and pride carry something of a negative connotation. None will admit to possessing these characteristics in fear that they may be seen as a selfish person, although these are two traits inherent in the human demeanor. Superficially, people seem to have the interests of others as the primary motive for their actions; realistically though, these two qualities of the human psyche are the catalyst for most everyday activities. Visiting a salon, purchasing new clothes, or even a quick glance in the mirror are little things that one may do without another in mind, solely for the advancement of oneself. As much as people would not like to admit it, they hold themselves high above all others. Due to this pre-eminent belief in the individual, one may also perform activities which they know they are efficient in doing with the facade of trying to make themselves better. One such action is a visit to the local gym. In this act, people travel to th e gym to only revel in their own narcissism rather than to make themselves become a better person. Before the acts of people can be described in the gym, it is first necessary to examine the gym itself. The thing noticed first is the different equipment. From the free-weights to complicated devices with systems of pulleys and levers, there is a myriad of choices one may choose from. Here there is normally a division upon gender lines. Not wanting to look weak and frail, males normally chose the free-weights, which are more difficult to use. On the other hand, females usually prefer the machines that have primarily the same function but are seen to be easier because of their complicated mechanized organization. Due to this fact, males and females do not interact very much in this atmosphere. The gym is also equipped with machines such as electronic stepping machines and bicycles to enhance ones stamina. These seem to also be a favorite among f...

Covenant of the Old Testament Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Covenant of the Old Testament - Research Paper Example Meaning of Covenant Covenant is considered as an agreement taking place between two people as a method to relate with the God. The term ‘covenant’ has been derived from Hebrew roots which refers the action ‘to cut’. With concern to the meaning of covenant as specified in the Holy Bible’s Old Testament, it has often been categorised as the most significant term defining the relationship between God and His people. In a Biblical sense, a covenant means much more than a contract or a mere concurrence taking place between two parties. The term ‘covenant’, in the Old Testament, offers an additional insight to the meaning of God’s expectation from humans. The act of covenant, in particular tends to demonstrate the tradition, where two people with agreement attempted to pass through the cut bodies of assassinated animals as a method to get closer to the divine soul. However, other acts of covenant were learnt to have possibly taken place in terms of circumcision and also by sprinkling animal blood on the people engaged in the agreement. Such a ceremony escorted the making of the agreement in the Old Testament. ... However, it has been noted that He approves of entering into an agreement with the man who tends to be weak, sinful as well as flawed in order to direct them in the path of wisdom and peace (Schulten, â€Å"Legal Models For The Old Testament Covenants: An Issue of Contract or Real Property Law†). While entering into relationship with man, God was found to possess unilateral freedom. Therefore, He began, defined as well as confirmed each of the agreement not depending upon the human merits but completely according to His own elegance as well as clemency. Consequentially, the role of human beings has been to act as a recipient rather than acting as a contributor. People did not bargain, barter or dared to contradict with God. However, it was found that man beheld his power to decide upon whether to keep with the promises made to the God or to reject them; to obey Him or to transgress. Hence, stating precisely, God was completely accountable to look after covenantal security. The role of man was thus restricted to believe and obey (Weinfeld, â€Å"The Covenant of Grant in the Old Testament and in the Ancient Near East†). There are nearly six covenants in the Old Testament. The Covenant with Adam It is worth mentioning that the first covenant enacted in the Garden of Eden was in agreement with Adam and Eve where the Holy Spirit explicitly directed them stating, â€Å"You must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, for when you eat it, you will surely die†. According to the description given in the Old Testament, Eve was the first sinner as she had contradicted the order of the Holy Spirit. Consequentially, when Adam followed the same path making a sin,

Political Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Political Science - Essay Example In 2003, Dinesh DSouza wrote an article published on the web in the National Review Online, titled â€Å"10 Great Things: What to Love About the United States† that said that the wealth gap was not a problem, that their was an upside to the wealth gap and that the critics â€Å"ignore what is unique and good about American civilization.† This discussion will compare and contrast these two articles. The themes and conclusions of both articles have been presented in the first paragraphs of this discussion. Next, the arguments the authors use will be briefly outlined. Then the persuasiveness of each article will be evaluated. Norton and Ariely use quantitative evidence or numerical evidence. They present various statistics: Specifically, three sets of statistics. They begin by identifying the wealth gap. In the United States today the wealthiest 20% of the population owns 85% of the national wealth and the bottom 40% â€Å"own very near 0%.† In fact, since many are in debt and have no assets they may control negative wealth, or even less than zero. These numbers came from an analysis by Edward Wolf of New York University. In The LA Times survey the sample was asked what they thought was the distribution of wealth in America (not what it is but what they think it is). They thought the distribution of wealth was less unequal than it is. They thought that the wealthiest 20% owned only 60% of the wealth and the bottom 40% had 10% of the wealth (not zero or even less). Then when asked what they wanted the â€Å"ideal distribution of wealth† to be they said even more even than their perception. They want the top 20% to own 30% of the wealth and the bottom 40% to own 25%. Basically, most Americans do not realize how uneven wealth distribution is in the United States, they think it is less uneven than it is and they want it to be even less uneven than they believe that it is. In â€Å"10 Great Things:

Management Accounting and Finance in U.K. Museums and Music Dissertation - 1

Management Accounting and Finance in U.K. Museums and Music Organisations - Dissertation Example The main functions that the manager carries out comprises of decision making, planning and controlling (Bhattacharyya, 2011; Chong, 2009). In order to execute their responsibilities in an effective manner the manager needs timely accurate information. Hence, information is a vital parameter in the success of a business and in order to provide appropriate information, managerial accounting identifies, gathers, measures, segregates and reports the information to the managers in such a way that management processes are fulfilled. Therefore, management accounting is the field of accounting that looks at providing information to the management. This information includes financial accounting, information related to decision making and planning, cost management, control, performance evaluation and determination of cost for the purpose of financial reporting. Management accounting consists of the reports that cater to the need of the management (Kulkarni and Mahajan, 2008). 1.2 Overview of M useum and Art organization The museums and art organizations that falls under the culture industry, has currently aroused the necessity of accounting but the dilemma persists regarding the methodology that should be used in order to measure the accountability. The debate remains whether for financial reporting, scientific collection, heritage and culture should be valued more and the extent to which accountability can be properly served by heavily emphasizing on the general purpose financial reporting alone. The debate related to accountability in the arts organization and museum is a subject of discourse for the last few decades. This has been further exaggerated by the need for viability in the art organizations and museum for ensuring long-term survival. Accountability... The study reveals that the organizations are now looking at additional sources of income by organizing events. The events that they are planning to launch are expected to generate high amount of income for the organization. The management of the art organization have decided not only to sell tickets of the events in order to generate revenue but also look for sponsorship of the event. In this context, before organizing any event the management is setting targets in form of budget for the whole event. This budget is set as such the expected expense that the organization will be incurring and income that they will be generating are estimated. This gives them a clear idea regarding the revenue that they will be generating. Accounting techniques like variance analysis, activity based costing, budgeting and other methods are used in order to conduct the management accounting efficiently. These methods have been proved effective in achieving the future goals of the organization. This revea ls that the art organization and museums are not only focussing on generating additional income but also creating satisfaction among the artists and the customers. This essay makes a conclusion that the main challenge for the art organization is that the economic crisis has affected the funding which is very important for the organizations that are not running for profitable ventures. These challenges have made the organizations to shift their focus from profit sharing model to profit generating model. On shifting to this model the accounting techniques used by the organization has also changed.

The Impact Of Exercise On Happiness Essay

The Impact Of Exercise On Happiness Essay The impact of exercise on happiness has long been interest to researchers and many researches had identified that exercise as a cause of joy. Happiness is consisted of three components which are positive excitement, life satisfaction and the absence of negative state like depression and stress. Exercise refers to planned, structured, and repetitive movement to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness (Knà ¶chel et al., 2012). Other than physical benefits such as reduced risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes, exercise has also psychological benefits which including greater levels of positive mood and happiness, lower levels of depression and anxiety (Reed Ones, 2006). People who exercise are happier and more sociable than people do not participate in exercise. Meta-analyses and comprehensive reviews have clearly showed that exercise minimize self-reported anxiety and depression. Reed and Ones (2006) meta-analytic review of 158 studies concluded that exercise can helps to increase positive mood. For instant, participants who took part in a ten weeks exercise program for mood-enhancing purpose, they experienced significantly increased self-esteem after complete the program. Moreover, experiments done on American and Italian teenagers showed that they are at the happiest state when they get involved in sports and games (Huang Humphreys, 2012). According to the findings, regular exercise results in life satisfaction, increases happiness and improves general health in students (Gatab Pirhayti, 2012). There are students who practice regular exercise such as jogging to maintain health. On the other hand, Forrest and McHale (2010) as cited in Huang Humphreys (2012) found that women who engaged in physical activity reported higher well-being than women with similar characteristics who did not engage in physical activity. Problem Statement and Significance of Study Many students claimed that they do not have time to exercise as homework and assignments have taken up all their time. They would rather spend their time surfing internet, playing online games or hanging out with friends when they are free. Some students who are obese do not practice regular exercise and they have lower level of happiness. Exercise and food choices are areas for improvement. Furthermore, group exercises will increase happiness in students (Gatab Pirhayti, 2012). For example, males are more likely to be involved in group exercise such as playing basketball, badminton and football. In sports and group activities, people will learn to help others, cooperation in teamwork and thus can build stronger friendship and self-confidence that lead to happiness. Planned Activity Procedure An exercise program was scheduled and planned for the participants (6 group members of the assignment: 2 males and 4 females) during the initial 2-4 weeks of the trimester at their university. All participants were aged 21-22. The instruction regarding the exercise and completion of Authentic Happiness Inventory Questionnaire was being posted in the Facebook group page prior to the starting of exercise program. Before and after the whole exercise program, participants are required to complete the Authentic Happiness Inventory Questionnaire to assess their pre- and post-activity level of happiness. Participants were being told to jog lightly for a period of 30 minutes at moderate pace and intensity. Jogging sessions took place in Westlake Garden which located near to participants house area while the questionnaire and self reflection were being done individually by participants seated at home or any indoor area. There were at least 3 jogging programs being conducted in group each week . All exercise program were took place in early evening (around 5.30 PM), with the condition when the weather was fine. Rationale for the Activity Chosen Part of the rationale that jogging or walking was chosen was because it is safe and effective in promoting health. At the same time, it was expected to be enjoyable or at least tolerable for everyone across a wide range of fitness level and body weights (LePage and Crowther, 2010). Walking was being emphasized as a significant example of appropriate lifestyle activity for it is readily accessible and easily regulated exercise. This rationale is supported by the assumption that lower intensity of activity tends to be adopted and maintained for longer period of time (Ekkekakis, Backhouse, Gray and Lind, 2008). In short, moderate intensity is more likely to be practice for long period than high-intensity activities. Theoretical Approaches There are many interesting theories which are related about happiness and also to explain how people can gain happiness and increase their happiness level. Theories related to happiness will be like flow, hedonic, eudaimonic and learned helplessness. Theories chosen to be discussed on how exercise related to happiness are theory of flow and hedonic theory of happiness. Theory of Flow We are interested in Csikszentmihalyis theory of flow because the experience of being in flow is fairly common for people, and they are also easy to be recognized this condition. According to Csikszentmihalyi (as cited in Compton, 2005), flow denotes the holistic sensation present when we act with total involvement. Human always gain happiness or enjoyment when they put attention towards the content of the activity. For instance, when a person who is exercise lover, they will always tend to enjoy and found happiness during their exercise moment, they may pay attention towards what they are doing, and do not conscious their surroundings. Therefore, flow theory can explain how the athletes increase their happiness during exercise. Flow is the experience that allows people to enjoy life, feel happier and function better. Firstly, the characteristic of action and awareness are merged is explaining on how people feel inside the activity (Compton, 2005). Next, flow is complete concentration on the task at hand, which complete concentration and centering of attention on the activity of the moment and the concentration appears effortless. Distractions are excluded from the consciousness, people will not focus on the distractions anymore but put attention at the task (McGuinness, 2006). Thirdly, when people is in flow, they will be lack of worry about losing control, which means they have a sense of control, they feels they are in complete control of their action. In additional, flow is a loss of self-consciousness, which ego part of human is quieted, and we do not have to think before we act, we are not trapped in an internal conflict between various options (Compton, 2005). Others than that, being in flow, time is no longer seems to pass in ordinary way, which means time seem to pass more quickly than usual. Next, flow is refer to the experience is done for its own sake rather than a means to another goal. Flow also accompanies a challenging activity that requires skill which personal challenge of an activity may pushes individuals skill level, and requisite concentrate is produced that can induce the flow experience (Compton, 2005). Hedonic Theory of Happiness The other theory which can explain well about happiness is hedonic. According to Norrish and Vella-brodrick (2008), this theory explains that in order to be happy, we must maximize our pleasure while on the same time minimize experience that is painful. Thus, happiness will only occur if pleasure experience and sensory gratification are more than the painful experience. If painful experience is more than pleasure experience, then happiness is unlikely to occur. Hedonism also call hedonic well-being includes the idea that pleasure is the basic motivating force behind most of the human behaviors but also recognize that certain pleasures require positive social interactions with other people (Compton, 2005). It comprises of an affective component such as high positive affection and low negative affection, and also the cognitive component which the satisfaction with life (Happiness and Positive Psychology, 2010). Rationale of Theories Chosen As compared to eudaimonic theory, hedonic theory is more suitable for us to access happiness in this assignment because it can be retrieve easily by asking person current emotional state and also it can be experience easily in different situation. In eudaimonic, people may do not experience fully and when they are not achieve certain category. During sport time, participants may experience happiness when they involved in social interaction with other, playing with others, they increase their positive mood (maximizing pleasant) and forget their sad moment, they are more satisfied towards their current situation, which is no stress and relax (minimizing unpleasant). Therefore, people are more enjoy during in sport moment, because they more involved in activity and presence of positive mood. Last but not least, there have a lot of different theories to talk about happiness, however being in flow and hedonic is easy to access and understand in general. Literature Review Exercise Intensity Different intensity of exercise can also bring different impacts on mood and exercise motivation. People tend not to continue with exercise when it is high-intensity activities as compared to moderate-intensity physical activities (Ekkekakis, Backhouse, Gray and Lind, 2008). Optimal benefits of exercise happen in moderate level, but not low or high intensity exercise (Reed Ones, 2006). This is further supported by Farahani, Saiah, Heidary, Nabilu, and Eskandaripour (2011), saying that regular exercise results in higher life-satisfaction, relaxation, self-esteem, joy than highly intense exercise. It was found that positive effects exist only for exercise duration up to 35 minutes and last for at least 30 minutes after exercise before returning to baseline (Reed Ones, 2006). Walking was being recommended as a prime example of appropriate moderate intensity activity. Many choose walking as their physical activity because it is readily accessible and easily regulated exercise (Anderson and Brice, 2011). It is not good to exercise or involves in sport activities overly. Study showed individuals exercising at high levels exhibit greater eating pathology than individuals who exercise moderate levels (LePage Crowther, 2010). Affective Effects of Physical Exercise Since 1981, a lot of literature reviewed that exercise decreases negative psychological states like self-reported anxiety and depression. It is proven that exercise can reduces tension, anxiety and anger effectively (Yeung, 1996 as cited in Stubbe, Moor, Boomsma Geus, 2007). This is a consistent finding because it is congruent with the finding of Huang and Humphreys (2012) that exercise enhances mental well-being through improved mood and it can be considered as an effective treatment for clinical depression and anxiety. Wininger (2007) as cited in Anderson and Brice (2011) called these reductions in negative mood states as sense of relief effect. This is because sport activities can produce anti-depression effects started from the moment we start exercise and it will stay for some time after finishing the exercise (Kiyani, Mohammadi Sattarzadeh, 2011). This result from the study of Birkeland, Torsheim and Wold (2009) also showed that there are weak but significant negative relatio nships between leisure-time activity and depressed mood. Alfermann and Stoll (2010) as cited in Stanley Cumming (2010) found that exercise was positively correlates with stress-management and control-orientation. Besides from improved well-being, it was also found that exercise can leads to greater ability to cope with stress (Holley et al., 2010 as cited in Knochel et al., 2012). Results from the study of Raedeke, Focht Scales (2009) showed that exercise was associated with positively activated affective states. One of the reason athletes participate in sport is because they can gain fun, enjoyment, challenge and excitement from the activity (Farahani, Saiah, Heidary, Nabilu and Eskandaripour, 2011). Behavioral Effects of Physical Exercise Physical exercise and quality of sleep. The American Sleep Disorders Association had considered physical exercise as a modality of non-pharmacological treatment for sleep disorder (Santos, Tufik, Mello, 2007). Some researches had shown the positive effect about physical exercise and improve the quality of sleep. Physical activity not only associated with better sleep in the general population. Physical activity may also improve the sleep quality among those with sleeping disorders (Loprinzi Cardinal, 2011). And in Brand et al. (2009) research had shown that the adolescent athletes reported better sleep patterns as well as psychological functioning when compared to sedentary control. Any fatiguing activity during daytime that in turn results in a greater metabolic requirement for compensatory night-time sleep also can improve the quality of sleep (Youngstedt, OConnor Dishman as cited in Fairbrother, 2011). Moreover, daytime exercise is a leading factor associated with the best qual ity night-time sleep (Youngstedt Kline, 2006 as cited in Fairbrother, 2011). Happiness and quality of sleep. Insufficient sleep is one of the unhealthy behaviors that can influence the happiness level of individual. The people who was insufficient sleep has shown that easily feeling tired, low energy and unable to concentrate on the task and those behavior has directly linked to lower levels of happiness (Chuah, et al., 2010). Insufficient sleep also can lower the levels of happiness by indirectly way. For example, the people who lack of sleep will decrease the productivity at workplace or school; increase the chance to get injuries (Choi, et al., 2006) negative effect toward interpersonal interactions with others (Totterfell et al, 1994 as cited in Hansen, 2012). In conclusion, time of sleep and quality of sleep has negative correlation with level of happiness. By improve the quality of sleep will improve the level of happiness. Cognitive Effects of Physical Exercise Physical exercise and self esteem. Exercise is a proven way to increase self-esteem (Myers, Sweeney, Witmer, 2000). Research has indentified that physical activity behavior have a strong correlated to self esteem in both children (Strauss, Rodzilsky, Burack, Colin, 2001), adolescents (Erkut Tracy, 2002) and adults (McAuley et al, 2000 as cited in Haugen, Sà ¤fvenbom, Ommundsen, 2011) Experiences in the physical activity context are proposed to influence perceptions of self-efficacy. Change in self-efficacy can lead to higher level change in four sub domain perceptions of the physical self (sports competence, physical condition, body attractiveness and physical strength), which may then generalize to improvement in an overall sense of physical self-worth. Change in physical self-worth may then generalize to global self-esteem. And perception of self also play an important role in overall feeling of self esteem (Sonstroem et al, 1994 as cited in White, Kendrick, Yardley, 2009). M oreover, physical activity can improve self-image, self-confidence; relieve stress tension and premenstrual tension, increased alertness, increased energy, increased ability to cope with stress and moods (Greist Jefferson, 1992 as cited in Greenberg Oglesby, 1996) Biological Effects of Physical Exercise One of the ways to gain happiness is by releasing some neurotransmitter that can make people feel happy. The neurotransmitter that can improve the level of happiness is serotonin, endorphin and dopamine (Breuning, 2011). Numerous biological and chemical hypotheses have been proposed to explain the effects of exercise on positive psychological health. One theory implies that exercise increases serotonin levels and that the release of endogenous opioids from the pituitary gland acts as a mood enhancer and antidepressant. Endorphin is the neurotransmitter that as the bodys natural painkiller and start releasing the individual after begins the exercise. Endorphin improves the level of happiness by four key effects on the body: they can relieve pain, reduce stress and anxiety, enhance the immune system and postpone the aging process. If we continuous exercise for more than 30 minutes then release of these hormones (Rokade, 2011). Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter thought to be involved in mood modulation and inhibition of emotional systems (Panksepp, 1982 as cited in Williams, et al., 2006) Serotonin improves happiness level by change the negative mood. Lower platelet serotonin was associated with lower mood (Peirson Heuchert, 2000 as cited in Young, 2007) whereas better mood was associated with higher blood serotonin levels in human body (William et al , 2006). There are two mechanisms by which physical activity increases brain serotonin. First, motor activity increases the rate and frequency at which serotonin is fired within the brain, resulting in an increase in both the release and synthesis of it. Secondly, regular exercise increases the level of tryptophan in the brain. Tryptophan is an amino acid used to manufacture the serotonin (Turcotte, 2011). Physical Exercise Provide Opportunity for Socialization Literature shows that those who participate in group sports are happier and more sociable (Kiyani, Mohammadi, and Sattarzadeh, 2011). At the same time, to be a social person is one of the ways to increase the level of happiness as human being is a social creature. This is shown in the study of Raedeke, Focht Scales (2009) that people reported higher exercise enjoyment and greater intentions of joining similar exercise activities when they feel more engaged and revitalized. Sport exercises were being recognized as the easiest and powerful way for creation of positive social relationship with others because it is usually in group form (Talebzadeh and Samkan, 2011). Study support the significant relationship between exercise and level of happiness, it is reported that people who involved in sports and group activities will learn to help others, teamwork, gain friendship and thus have a happy life (Gatab and Pirhayti, 2012). There is congruent with the study of Farahani et al., (2011), stated that there are socialization processes when participate in sport activities because they are able to be with others and feel the sense of belonging to a group. Besides, exercise is also able to enhances communication, benchmarking, strength feedbacks, social and communication skills (Newman, 2011). The level of authentic happiness was being analyzed in terms of scores and percentage as shown in Table 1.0. After carrying out several exercises, obviously the level of authentic happiness among our group members had increased. In order to have a more accurate result, we took one test separately before starting any exercise activities and another test after exercising. The scale that Chin ling scored before exercising was 2.92 and after exercising were 3.29. Kok Heng scored 1.80 before exercising and 2.04 after exercising while Pooi Hean obtained 2.67 before exercising and 3.29 after exercising. The scaled that Kai Shen gained before exercising was 3.13 and after exercising were 3.63. For Jie Yings scale before exercising were 3.46 and after exercising were 3.54. Before exercising, Su Inn scored 2.13 and 3.13 after exercising. The results shown that the level of authentic happiness will be increase when exercise. The least increasing of the scale is 0.08 while the most increasing of the scale is 1.0. After exercising, the highest scale of the authentic happiness scale among our group members is 3.63 out of 5.00. Qualitative Analysis of Activity Personal reflection in the form of diary or journal was analyzed according to different themes. In this case, thematic analysis was used to examine how different aspect of exercise (biological, cognition, affection and behavioral) influence level of happiness. Biological Influence on Happiness. Throughout the entire exercise activities, Chin Ling found that she became happier and cheerful. This can be explained that exercise can improve happiness by releasing some neurotransmitter which included serotonin, endorphin and dopamine that can make people feel happy (Breuning, 2011). Moreover, sport activities can produce anti-depression effects started from the moment we start exercise and it will stay for some time after finishing the exercise (Kiyani, Mohammadi Sattarzadeh, 2011). Affective Influence on Happiness. Besides, Chin Lings stress also released through exercise. In the meanwhile, Kok Heng also pointed out that feeling better after exercising as he had time to relax from the assignment and midterm. Moreover, Pooi Hean also found that exercise helped her to keep her mind calm and relax after facing computer for a long period. She also said that exercise is not tiring but helped to minimize her tiredness. Kai Shen declared that that is the moment he can totally free himself from stress and just focus on the conversation when we are jogging or walking together to the same direction. All these statement supported by researchers that exercise can leads to greater ability to cope with stress (Holley et al., 2010 as cited in Knochel et al., 2012). Behavioral Influence on Happiness. Some researchers had shown the positive effect about physical exercise and improve the quality of sleep (Loprinzi Cardinal, 2011). The level of happiness will be improved when the quality of sleep is improved. All these statements are congruent with the reflection of Pooi Hean who mentioned that exercise helped to reduce her insomnia problem and she will be more energetic the next day. Jie Ying also pointed out that she felt energetic as well after exercising and has more motivation to done with her assignment. She also had the experience of sleeping very well after exercising. Cognitive Influence on Happiness. Other than that, Pooi Hean stated that she felt good after exercising because she can lost weight in a very healthy way. She also said that exercise is a great way to keep fit, maintain health and have a better body image. The more she satisfied with the body shape, the more she feels confident and happy. Furthermore, Kai Shen mentioned that he didnt know how much weight he had lost throughout exercise but he just knows that he feel more confident with his body image. Besides, he had more positive thought about his own health as compared to last time which he didnt do much physical activity. All these reflections are congruent with some researches that physical activity can improve self-image, self-confidence; increased alertness, increased energy, increased ability to cope with stress and moods (Greenberg Oglesby, 1996). Opportunity for Socialization. Kok Heng also stated that he felt happy as he really enjoyed the moment with friends. Also, the interaction with friends and get to know more about them let Jie Ying felt very joyful and enjoyed during exercise. Moreover, Kai Shen mentioned that after exercising, the first thing he gains is a better relationship among his friends. He enjoyed not only the satisfaction of the exercise itself, but more of the chit-chating part which allow them to talk about all kind of things. These reflections are congruent with literature shows that those who participate in group sports are happier and more sociable (Kiyani, Mohammadi, and Sattarzadeh, 2011). Sport exercises were being recognized as the easiest and powerful way for creation of positive social relationship with others because it is usually in group form (Talebzadeh and Samkan, 2011). This is true that most of our group member claimed that exercise can improve the relationship among friends. Hedonic theory also stated that certain pleasures require positive social interactions with other people (Compton, 2005). Hedonic can be retrieve easily by asking person current emotional state In Flow during Exercise. Other than that, Su Inn enjoyed the walking session with her friends. Surprisingly she found that the time passed very fast when they were walking to campus. They laughed and talked as well as enjoyed the nice view along the pathway when walking. This phenomenon is congruent with flow theory when being in flow, time is no longer seems to pass in ordinary way, which means time seem to pass more quickly than usual (Compton, 2005). She complete focused in what she is doing at that moment which make her feel like the time seem to pass more quickly than usual.

The Causes of Altruism Essay -- Psychology

How do humans actually behave when faced with the decision to help others? The innate desire that compels humans to help is called altruism by psychologists. Through this feeling, humans transform from a selfish jerk to a more compassionate and caring person. Some psychologists believe that this feeling stems from nature itself. Despite the fact that some altruistic acts originate from the pressures of society, altruism predominantly comes from the survival of the fittest, the feeling of empathy, and the selfish desire to benefit your own kin. Before a case can be made for the causes of altruism, altruism itself must first be defined. Most leading psychologists agree that the definition of altruism is â€Å"a motivational state with the ultimate goal of increasing another’s welfare.† (Batson, 1981). The only way for a person to be truly altruistic is if their intent is to help the community before themselves. However, the only thing humans can see is the actions themselves, and so, selfish intent may seem the same as altruistic intent. Alas, the only way that altruism can be judged is if the intent is obvious. Through that, we must conclude that only certain intents can be defined as altruistic, and as intent stemming from nature benefits the group while other intent benefits yourself, only actions caused by nature are truly altruistic. Some psychologists believe that altruism stems from evolution, or the survival of the fittest. They point to examples where ants will willingly bury themselves to seal the anthill from foreign attacks, or the honeybee’s sting. That sting rips out the honeybee’s own internal organs, and has been described as â€Å"instruments of altruistic self-sacrifice. Although the individual dies, the bee’... ...ence for Altruism: Toward a Pluralism of Prosocial Motives.† Psychological Inquiry 2.2 (1991): 107-122. Web. 5.Feb. 2012. Dach-Gruschow, Karl Otto. Peace on Earth and Goodwill Toward Men: Altruism of Long Term Volunteers Diss. University of Illinois at Urbana-Chamaign, 2011. Print. Gintis, Herbert, Samuel Bowles, Robert Boyd, and Ermst Fehr. â€Å"Explaining Altruistic Behavior in Humans.† Evolution and Human Behavior 24 (2003): 153-172. Web. 5 Feb. 2012 Nunney, Len. â€Å"Group Selection, Altruism, and Structured-Deme Models.† The American Naturalist 126.2 (1985): 212-230. Web. 10 Feb. 2012. Rushton, J. Philippe. â€Å"Is Altruism Innate?† Psychological Inquiry 2.2 (1991): 141-143. Web. 5 Feb. 2012. Thomas, George and C. Daniel Batson. â€Å"Effect of Helping Under Normative Pressure on Self-Perceived Altruism.† Social Psychology Quarterly 44.2 (1981): 127-131. Web. 5 Feb. 2012

Comparison Between War Poetry & Macbeth

Owen’s opinion of conflict is similar to the opinions shown in Macbeth because they both exhibit the brutality of war. Owen does this when he says ‘the blood, Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs, Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud. ’ Shakespeare also mentions this when he says of Macbeth,’ with his brandish'd steel, Which smoked with bloody execution,’ The bloodshed causes regret in all three pieces of work. Shakespeare shows this of Macbeth where he says, ‘I gin to be aweary of the sun, And wish the estate o' the world were now undone. The regret within this statement is clearly shown because nobody would want to move back into time unless they wanted to change something for the better. Owen demonstrates this where he says, ‘incurable sores on innocent tongues, My friend, you would not tell with such high zest, To children ardent for some desperate glory,’ the words ‘innocent’ and ‘children’ in terlink to show how that he regrets his leading of men into war. Furthermore, Hardy’s soldier hesitates when he says, ‘shot him dead because—Because’ because he is trying to reason his committing of murder.Similarly to Hardy and Owen, Shakespeare makes war seem a corrupting force both physically and mentally. War turned the Macbeth who was praised by the King, into a Macbeth who was killing people regardless of who they were and also a Macbeth who was disgraced and humiliated in the latter end of his life and after he died. Owen also faced this corrupting force through war, because he says, ‘In all my dreams, before my helpless sight, He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning. ’ This shows how terrible nightmares and flashbacks are caused by participation in war.A much more unsophisticated version of this corruption can be seen in The Man He Killed because the ‘soldier’ killed a person who had never wronged him in any way and had he had met him outside of war, he would have ‘treat, if met where any bar is, Or help to half a crown. ’ As well as the many similarities, contrasts are also present. Shakespeare depicts Macbeth opinion of war as honourable. Unlike Shakespeare, the war poets describe war as, unnatural and horrific. There also changes of opinions of war. Macbeth’s opinion of war stays the same throughout. However, Owen and Hardy show how war corrupts mind, body and soul.

Love versus Love Essays - Eveline, Dubliners, James Joyce, Love

Love versus Love Essays - Eveline, Dubliners, James Joyce, Love Connor Johnson Mr. Kearney Modern Irish Lit. P (6) 12 February 2016 Love versus Love In a dust filled attic room, Eveline contemplates life, choices, and love. Love is a spectrum, where varying degrees can drastically change a persons feelings and actions toward a person. There are three main types of love: love of self, physical attraction, and love of family. James Joyce depicts the inner battle between the powers of love in his short story Eveline, the fourth story in Dubliners. In most people, love is a battle taking place in the subconscious of the mind determining ones path in life. The power of love between family members no matter how strenuous the relationship is will still overpower an emotional or physical love. Throughout Dubliners, main characters are predominantly male, and the story Eveline is the first emergence of a female protagonist. However rare this occurrence is, James Joyce doesnt change her, or make her any more different than other stereotypical women of the time, timid and indecisive. She had consented to go away, to leave her home. Was that wise? She tried to weigh each side of the question. In her home anyway she had shelter and food; she had those whom she had known all her life about her. Of course she had to work hard, both in the house and at business. What would they say of her in the Stores when they found out that she had run away with a fellow? Say she was a fool, perhaps (Joyce 28). Love is able to play such a crucial role in this story because of Evelines femininity. The heart and love symbolically are feminine symbols, that women can control better than the men. Eveline wouldnt have been nearly as effective with a male character. On the contrary, having a male main character would make the story about being weak and unmasculine. Eveline portrays the battle between loves in her confliction between father and lover. In Evelines daydreams about a younger life, her mother plays the important boundary and intertwining between the family love and sexual love. On the one hand, she kept the father happy with their physical and emotional relation. Her father was not so bad then; and besides, her mother was alive (Joyce 27). And on the other created the family love aspect that held everyone together. When her mother symbolically leaves, physically represented by her death, everyone she formerly knew proceeded to leave. She and her brothers and sisters were all grown up her mother was dead. Tizzie Dunn was dead, too, and the Waters had gone back to England. Everything changes (Joyce 27). Family Love and attachment play a large role in any close knit community, but emotional connections and what seems like true love can jeopardize the family grouping. Frank in Eveline is the tempter that tries to pry Eveline from her not so amazing home life. She was about to explore another life with Frank. Frank was very kind, manly, open-hearted. She was to go away with him by the night-boat to be his wife and to live with him in Buenos Ayres (Joyce 29). She was infatuated with him from the beginning, pushed towards him by the far from perfect love she is receiving from her father. She sometimes felt herself in danger of her fathers violence. She knew it was that that had given her the palpitations. The abuse she receives from her father almost pushes her over the threshold, shown as the boat in the story. The hesitation is her natural pull back to the family system. No! No! No! It was impossible. Her hands clutched the iron in frenzy. Amid the seas she sent a cry of anguish (Joyce 31). Eveline is ready to return to the nearly hellish conditions she lives in because of family. Her father beats her, but he is still her father. The kids she takes care of arent hers. But they are under her household; therefore, family. Her personal needs or wants are canceled out by the needs of the family system. She may not love being with them but she must love them as family. The love inside a family stays together until death breaks a person away.

Jazz the Bebop Revolution Essays

Jazz the Bebop Revolution Essays Jazz the Bebop Revolution Paper Jazz the Bebop Revolution Paper Chapter 18: The Bebop Revolution: Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie * Bebop is linked to Charlie Parker who presided at its beginning and during its rise to preeminence. During his lifetime the bebop style reached its highest level. * Bebop was developed by and for virtuosos. * Theories explaining why: Instrumentalists were seeking improvisitaional freedoms that they couldn’t find in the big bands; black musicians were reasserring their supremact; jazz was maturing. * Bebop drew small audiences to after hours clubs, primary in NYC harlem. It consisted of sophisticated chord structures, irregular melodies and flashing speed left uninitiated listeners befuddled. The Bebop Style * Produced 4 significant changes in musicians attitudes towards jazz and its performance. 1. ) It is required a greater understanding of jazz theory and called for virtuoso technique. 2. ) It introduced complex instrumental melodies and phrases to replace the simpler melodies of the big band era 3. ) It introduced increasingly complicated chords and rythms to the rythms section 4. It developed a cult of serious musicians who approached their music intellectually as well as emotionally. Technique * Jazz improvisation shifted from ornamenting an original melody to organizing new patterns of fast, active melodic lines. The patterns often ended up with an abrupt two note figure that suggested the word bebop of rebop. Bebop musicians developed theoretical relationships between distended chords and esoteric scales. Their theories justifies the use of notes that were previously considered too dissonant. These notes are called melodic extensions because they are not among the primary notes if the chords. Furthermore extensiions were added to chords by the pianist to add harmonic color. New Melodies * Within the new melodic patterns of bebop, imp. Notes usually the top notes of a melodic line were accented. * This outlined a slower melody * Bebop melodies were not as tuneful as those of the big band era. And the phrasing ovevrlapped the chords in angular leaps and bounds. The Rhythm Section * Carried the weight of harmony and rhythm. Made beats faster, and complicated rhythms. Bebop drumming increased in complexity through the use of polyrhythms, : two or more contrasting rythms are played at the same time. This conflict of different rythms blurs and disguises the regular beat. * In â€Å"Un Poco Loco† max roach plays a complicated pattern in which he accompanies the solos with the explosive punctuations called bombs, on the snare or bass drum in conjunction with cymbal crashes . The bombs and cymbal spashes dominate the sounds of the rhythm section and often the entire ensemble. AABA Form * Most Bebop performance were weighted heavily with solos with a minimum of arrangement. Rigidly arranged compositions of the big band eras were rejected; soloists freedoms appeared as a backlash response to the big band ensembles where long improvisitions were impossible. * Emphasis on improvisations not only created new melodies for old songs but also eliminated the original melody entirely. * In addition to borrowing older songs as a basis for solos bebop musicans composed new tunes that minimized the written melody and expanded the time for solos. * They followed the standard 32 measure AABA form, with the 8 measure section gaving the only written melody. Formed a structure for songs in different styles. * Became a vital element in bebop composition and improvisation. Charlie Bird Parker (1920-1955) * The word bird means only one person and one thing : Charlie parker and bebop. * Born aug 29, 1920; died in 55 die to susbstances inhaled and swallowed. * Became absorbed in jazz; only had a mother; bright student. * Accepted the loan od a brass from school but did not like it. * His mother bought him an ancient alto sax for 45$; keys leaked and it was hard to blow; but Charlie taught himself to play. * Joined an amateur dance band â€Å"Deans of Swings† An insurance claim gave him enough money for a new saz in 1936 * Admired was Lester Young(tenor sax in Count Basie’s band) * Parker thought that he was reaching that point where he could Jam with players of that caliber. * In 1937 he got up to play with the famous Bass drummer Jo Jones at Reno Club. His solo progressed well but then became lost in harmonic changes in the tune. Jones threw a cymbal at him. * Had a job playing in a dance band at Lake Taneycomo in Ozark Mtns. * He committed Lester Youngs solo to his memory. * Hired by Tommy Douglas in 1938 who helped him with music theor y. Charlie stayed close to Buster smith another sax player; Parkers Professoional Career: * First job was at the Parisien Ballroom, a taxi dance hall. * Every 60 seconds the bell rang and the band segued to a new tune. * Joined Jay McShann in Kansas City, a band that was second in popularity. * Joined Earl Hines in 1943 and worked on a regular basis with Dizzy Gillespie. They practiced formal braass and woodwind instructional studies at speeds previously thought impossible. It was then that the characteristic bebop sax-trumpet unison lines developed. * He organized small groups in NYC in 1945 and secured Miles Davis as a sideman. Recorded â€Å"KoKo† Him and his band were booked to go to cali but he turned in his ticket for drug money. * Had a narcotic problem; went to a mental hosp; when he got out in 1947 recorded ‘Relaxin at camarillo†. * 1947-1950 was most productive years; worked with small groups; * 1949 he played with strings. Some of his best solos; but lo st his carbaret lisence so only could play where liquor was not sold. * Birdland a NYC nightclub names for him. Bird brought his string orchestra, a few days after opening he fired the players bc he was drunk in the middle of a set and then went home and swallowed iodine asprin. Bird Lives is his music and contribution to Bebop. John Birks†Dizzy† Gillespie (1917-1993) * Born in Cheraw S. Carolina. * Could play piano at 4 and received a music scholarshiop at Laurinburg Insitiute in N. Carolina where he changed from Trombone to Trumpet. * Job with Fran Fairfaxs band got his name for sounding like eldrige; then 2 years later went to Teddy Hill band and made his first record. * Joined Cab Calloway orchestra in 1939 * Cab fired him in 1941 bc he thought Dizzy was shooting spitballs. * Jonah Jones and Milt Hinton were the culprits. And cab and dizzy made up. * 1942 he played in Les Hites band; hite reorganized withought him and dizzy experimented. Gillespie would prepare complex chord variations during the afternoon to challende the upstarts; thus began the rev of bebop. * 1943 he played with Earl Hines, Coleman Hawkins, Boyd Raeburn and Duke Ellington * His position as musical director of the Billy Eckstine band in 1944 was significant to advancement in bebop; Charlie played in sax section and other band members were bebop oriented. * Invited to the White House

Fundamental of Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fundamental of Finance - Essay Example In our case, proposal A takes 4 years to recover the investment and proposal B takes only 3 years for the recovery of such investment. Accordingly the proposal B is ranked above the proposal A. The limitation in this method is that it does not consider time value of money. Net present value is a discounted cash flow approach to capital budgeting. â€Å"If the present value of future cash flow is greater than the initial cost, the project is worth undertaking. On the other hand, if the present value is less than the initial cost, a project should be rejected because investor would lose money if the project were accepted.†(Angelico A. Groppelli and Ehsan Nikbakhat, page 159)ii Assessing from this point of view, both proposal have a positive net present value. But as the net present value of proposal A is more than that of proposal B. Accordingly NPV method ranks proposal A ahead of proposal B. There are various shortcomings in methods of evaluation of capital projects that do not consider time value of money. It is generally felt that discounted cash flow methods provide a more objective basis for evaluating and selecting investment projects. These methods take account of both the magnitude and the timings of expected cash flows in each period of project’s life. Internal rate of return, like net present value method, is such a method that uses the discounted cash flow criteria to evaluate different capital projects. â€Å"The IRR for an investment is the discount (interest) rate that will make the present (or discounted) value of the cash flows from the operation equal to the initial outlay of the investment. An IRR above the minimum rate of return specified by management (called hurdle rate) is considered acceptable. When mutually exclusive projects are being compared, the project with highest IRR will be preferred.† (Ralph S.

Dissertation Research question (5% of words), Dissertation thesis Essay

Dissertation Research question (5% of words), Dissertation thesis argument (10% of words), chapter outline (85% of words) - Essay Example e controversy arises out of the fact that the UNSC’s authority for sanctions are contained in Article 41 of the UN Charter 1945 and only applies to states.3 In this regard, non-state actors against whom targeted sanctions and blacklisting are directed do not have direct remedies against the UNSC.4 At the same time, the UNSC does not have direct authority over non-state actors who are legitimate sources of threats to international peace and security, and must therefore, rely on states to give effect to its blacklisting and targeted sanctions.5 This study is important because the need for targeted sanctions and blacklisting is obviated by the threat that individual non-state actors pose to international peace and security. Arguably, non-state actors, especially terrorist organizations, pose the most serious threat to international peace and security.6 By virtue of Article 24 of the UN Charter, the UNSC is responsible for maintaining international peace and security.7 It has been argued however, that the UNSC faces a crisis in legitimacy because its institutional framework is incompatible with today’s security threats.8 Thus the enforceability and in turn, the legitimacy of UNSC targeted sanctions is the focus of this research. This research will focus on the institutional legitimacy of the UNSC as a whole by focusing on its authority to impose targeted sanctions against non-state actors and its blacklisting mandate relative to non-state actors. This research will be divided into three chapters as outlined below. Chapter 1: This chapter will cover the normative and empirical implications of targeting sanctions and blacklisting. This chapter will focus on three questions necessary for establishing the thesis argument: what are targeted sanctions and blacklisting? Why are they important or necessary? What is the UNSC’s authority for implementing targeted sanctions and blacklisting? Are targeted sanctions and black listing proportionate to the ends that