Dance - an Art or Sport Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dance - an Art or Sport - Term newspaper publisher ExampleDancing expressions differ on whether can be used as an instrument of communicate and symbolism. As a result, some argue that they tend to be used for religious, ritual and ceremonial purposes. The expressions piss differed in the way they define the cultural sequences of the body movement. The emotional expressions are also different as some explain that a person can bound without expressing emotions and that many groups do not plainly jump to music solely rhythms in their minds. The expression does not inclusively compare saltation to everyday movement, but they agree that it is repetitive (Ambrosio 58).Modern dance is a kind of theatrical dancing that is not as limited as classical ballet. In modern dance, movements express the feelings. Around the 1900s some American dancers started to stand up against the strict and confining style of Classical Ballet. Modern dance is very vivid, ever-changing and full of expressi on. professional dancers like Alvin Ailey helped upgrade modern dance as we now see it. Art is fundamentally ones way of seeing them and expressing emotions. Because modern dance is without restriction deeper feelings and a stronger understanding is obtained. It is make easily repayable to this non-conforming way of dance. Urban dance or street dance describes any dance that has not come from formal beginnings like break dancing. This style is much improvised and can acquire without warning due to the individual. The beginnings of this style can be traced as far as West African culture.Dancing also plays an important role in culture. The rituals, dances, arts, music, and beliefs of a population are passed down from extension to generation. As previously discussed street dance is a modern take on old dance styles from older cultures. Some of the movements mimicked in modern times have come from Western Africa. Dances of celebration, acts of war, religious ceremonial occasion and been spread all over the world, but more so in the Caribbean and South American countries due to the old world slave trade. In Brazil, the African slaves that were shipped there also brought with them their culture of song and dance (Ambrosio 61).

Implementing Change for JLL company Research Paper

Implementing Change for JLL company - Research Paper representativee a hard time to the individuals, as they progress to to cut down their needs and compromise even the basic needs of their life in order to sustain in the long run. The face-to-face savings came down remarkably which affected every household. The lucrative real greennesswealth sector ecumenical encountered a drastic change in its profit amount as the demand for the housing and apartments reduced drastically. As a result, the worldwide real estate sector has to encounter drastic decrease in income and demand (Mathiassen and Nielsen, 2000 West, 2005).JLL is one the biggest real estate company in the world along with real estate business the company also engages in providing financial go to its customers. In order to expand its district and business, the company has engaged in several merger and acquisition activities. The need for merger and acquisition has resulted from the incite to penetrate and consolidate t he greater part of the real estate business. Hence, it has competed about 35 mergers and acquisition activities, which pee provided them with both inorganic and organic growth. It is known that a company can attain organic and inorganic growth only by making partners and undertaking merger and acquisition of the resources.The company aims at providing it services to three main geographic locations in the world Europe, Middle East and Africa, Americas and Asia Pacific. The company has expended its territory by spreading business worldwide and setting corporate offices to support its operations. However, after the financial crisis the company has mazed its constant investment opportunities by individuals all over the world (Belt, 2004). Along with that it has also lost the common base of customers with the emergence of Ukraine- Russia conflict. This added flame to the disastrous situation and the revenue and profit of the company decreased to a great extent. The fall in demand for r esidential as well as commercial buildings have affected the company finance

Insurance Going Web-Based Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

policy Going Web-Based - Research Paper ExampleThis research paper aims to describe nett based indemnification that is faced with many capers that will take time before it can match other meshwork services like net profit banking. Though there are benefits of a company moving towards web based insurance, the problems are still many. The first problem is the lack of customers willingness to purchase and handle their insurance issues everywhere the internet. The second problem is the fact that insurance companies and firms will always go on to design their proclaim internet products and services unique to their company and will not corporate in the field. The third problem is that the internet is particularly suitable for products where contact with the company is more frequent. The fourth problem is that little fellowship exists in web based insurance as compared to other internet services like internet banking. The fifth problem is that, it is very difficult to standardize cl aims settlement for example, as this involves a lot of finis making. Looking at the above issues we can conclude that web based insurance is something difficult as insurance is different from other services that are offered online. However, the researcher also discusses several benefits of web-based insurance. It can be concluded that there exist many problems in insurance going web based from the manual method. The many complexities in insurance products make it difficult to implement it. There are a a couple of(prenominal) benefits that can be identified but the problems are still many and difficult to solve.

Foundation Degree Hospitality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Foundation Degree Hospitality Management - Essay ExampleIn simple definition, limit analysis refers to the process by which the figures are quantified in order to understand business public presentation in terms of financial and operation outal management. Ratios analysis can be conducted to compare trends in the inter stratum performance of the organization. It can also be done to compare financial performance of several companies in the same industry. Similarly, the result of the analysis is comparable with that of the industry to which the company belongs. There are five important ratios that are applicable in this scenario. These include scratchability ratios, sales ratios, liquidity ratios, efficiency ratios, and financial ratios. establish on this brief introduction, ratio analysis of the Brown Sugar Cafe will follow in the next part... Identify appropriate techniques used to assess business performance, analysing data by applying selected techniques. Internal verifier ..date.. RATIO ANALYSIS Case of the Brown Sugar Cafe The assessment of financial and operational performance of an organization can be accomplished through the use of ratio analysis. This is achieved by evaluating the relationship of diametric figures generated from the companys financial statements. A number of performance indicators are derived from these figures. In simple definition, ration analysis refers to the process by which the figures are quantified in order to understand business performance in terms of financial and operational management. Ratios analysis can be conducted to compare trends in the inter year performance of the organization. It can also be done to compare financial performance of several companies in the same industry. Similarly, the result of the analysis is comparable with that of the industry to which the company belongs. There are five main ratios that are applicable in this scenario. These include Profitability ratios, sales ratios, liquidity ratios , efficiency ratios, and financial ratios. ground on this brief introduction, ratio analysis of the Brown Sugar Cafe will follow in the next part The Brown Sugar Cafe Ratio Analysis 1. Gross Profit border (%) Gross profit margin is a profitability ratio that helps in examining the ability of the company to crack costs associated with the acquisition of raw materials (Ratios Workbook, 2013). It is calculated using the formula below Gross Profit % = (Gross Profit/ Sales) x 100 Using Brown Sugar Cafe

The relationship between China and Taiwan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The relationship between china and chinaware - Essay ExampleThe relationship has been frosty ever since. First, they disagree on the license of chinaware. Taiwan claims to be an independent state while China claims Taiwan is part of it. China has refused to grant Taiwan its independence and recognize its leaders. The people of mainland China insist that there is only a single China and that Taiwan is an indisputable part of it. They refer to the Hong Kong contract of 1992 where both leaders had a consensus that recognized only iodin China. Taiwan, however, reject the existence of such an agreement. In 2011, the Peoples Republic of China was admitted into the UN general conclave while Taiwan (Republic of China) was expelled. All that was because China refused to acknowledge its statehood.The tension between the two nations has created an arms passage. China has deployed missiles along the Taiwan Strait. Both its amphibious and missile forces capabilities are modernized in pla nning of any situation. Every time the Taiwanese inch closer towards independence, they get the backing of the US neo conservatives. They see china as a potential military rival. Taiwan purchases its weapons from abroad, with the USA being the largest supplier. China has been objecting the sale of weapons by the USA to Taiwan (Council on Foreign Relations).However, despite their differences, the two nations have upstanding economic ties. Bilateral trade was $102 billion in 2007, up from just $8 billion in 1991 (Council on Foreign Relations). China has and still remains Taiwans biggest trading partner and roughly a third of all Taiwans export products were sold in China. Taiwanese investments in the mainland china are estimated to be $150 billion since 1998. Their excellent economic elation is boosted by an agreement between the two nations to allow insurers and banks to invest in both markets (Council on Foreign Relations).Taiwans president, Ma Ying-jeou, has tried to ease tension s with

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Reflection - Essay ExampleStudies conducted in the past digest elucidated the fact that benignant behavior is learned. so, to acquire a strong personality and as well acquire skills and knowledge that would function me in achieving my goal of managing a school as a principal requires a lot of practice. This base is a personal reflection on my lead development. Transformational leadership theory application To manage a school successfully and effectively, I will be required to see strong leadership skills. Therefore adopting a transformational leadership style will be necessary. As a principal in a school, adopting a transformational leadership style means that I will nurse the power to effectively visualise state of affairs and divers(a) circumstances that avail themselves at bottom the school. According to Marshall (2010) Transformational leadership is a style in which the leader identifies the needed transfer, creates a vision to guide the change through inspiration, an d executes the change with the commitment of other. Transformational leadership taps into the emotional and spiritual resources of an organization. It is a process of developing the leadership cognitive content of an entire team. Transformational leaders inspire others to achieve what might be considered extraordinary results. (3) Leadership qualities may be acquired through learning. This is the reason why I chose a course that is associated with leadership development. ... In my trips, I eat been able to associate myself face to face with principals in a number of schools and subsequently I have built a social network with them. Many of these principles act as my mentors. Through their mentoring and advice, I have been able to acquaint myself with practical knowledge and first hand experiences in managing a school. This is a egest indication that my course in human development and leadership has been offering a platform that I will use as a springboard to accomplish my goals i n life. There are various hurdles faced my many principals in schools today. As an aspiring school principal, I will have to identify my outstanding qualities and attributes and direct them towards management and leadership practices as transformational leadership requires. How a school principle will manage a school will highly depend on his/her individual attributes. For instance, my ability to communicate clearly will ensure that both the learners and teachers grasp and comprehend any information and facts I will be relaying to them. This will necessitate me, as the principal of that particular school to adapt an capture leadership method or technique. A good and effective leadership technique such as a transformational leadership style puts into consideration the needs and requirements or each and every stakeholder involved in the learning process. In this case, it will be important for me to familiarize myself with each and every teacher within the school as this would be help ful in planning and implementing strategies. Through successfully and effectively complemental this course, I will have gained the necessary skills and knowledge that will enable me to adapt a transformational leadership style.

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

Management - Essay ExampleThe professions who buy products in bulk enable the union to adopt low pricing strategies. The fact that the company deals with a large number of products such as gardening equipments and subsequent tools attract a farming population as guests. The customers, who tend to have, all products low one roof saving their time of movement from one pore to another. This proves another advantage change the centre to maintain lower prices (Davidson, 500, 2004). The Cafeteria the Garden Centre is convenient to customers as a delayed promise in the centre does not occur to them s a worry. The foodstuffs at Garden centre come to the fore to be light meals and beverages. The operation of garden center requires lower labor costs as the customer experience self service. The garden whoop it ups the advantage of tremendous turn over due to their various products similar Christmas cards, Christmas trees, food stuffs amongst other products. The garden enjoys low opera tional costs due to their strategic business idea. The customers enjoy freedom of choice and selection of the products they need for their uses. The customers of garden centre experience easy and quick shop as they have all the farm products at their disposal. The customers enjoy excellent organization due to remotion of service. ... This feature makes the specialized player become quicker at producing a certain product, for example, the cafeterias section employees let on the food stuff that are quality since they have improved skill at the job. The employees receive a higher pay for specialized job. The producing expense reduces as the goods are produced in bulk. The level of production rises since the customer pool increases as they deal with an array of products. The garden adopts a situation in which each worker specialized in their area of specialization improving on their level of expertise (Davidson, 490, 2004). Levels- fast manner of speaking times The southern Garden en joys fast delivery times as the as all the products compulsory in gardening from gardening consumables are available in one shop and moreover on e department. The centre deals with both households and professionals products which give the customers value for their property. gibe to Davidson (444, 2004), the cafeteria enables customers to snack as while hoping which comforts them in terms of price and products. The Hire branch enables the customers rent products that they rarely use which adds them value for their money instead of the full purchase. Consistent quality The quality of products found at the southern Garden centre tends to be quality consistence due to their level of specialization both in the division sections and the products dealing. According to Davidson, (598, 2004).Chances that the products from the centre are high quality are high, and one can never go equipment casualty with their products. Reliability on time delivery Davidson (612, 2004) asserts that, the delivery services of Southern Garden Centre, tends to be efficacious that is the reason why they serve a market of a third the rest of the

Human Resources Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Resources Management - Research Paper ExampleThese conventional incentives atomic number 18 inexpensive to the company and yet the result in increased loyalty, engagement, and willingness to do more than what is expected of them. additional data suggests that a mix of flexibility, recognition, and stoped breaks during working hours as the run foring nonmonetary motivators among employees. Top-tier employees want to work in companies that eitherow for reduced hours, staggered hours, and remote work arrangements. Regular appreciation of accomplishments is a very effective nonfinancial incentive. Employees who looking at appreciated for their accomplishments and efforts at work create huge returns for the company as a result of the recognition. Additionally, allowing employees to throng short breaks in-between work has been shown to increase productivity at work. The result of nonmonetary incentives is increased employee satisfaction and performance, enchantment maintainin g low costs for the company. One observer argues that external equity should always be the primary guardianship in compensation, noting that it attracts the best employees and prevents the top performers from leaving. Do you agree? The effectiveness of external equity in stimulate and retaining top-tier employees is both(prenominal)what questionable. This is because the wage rate is determined by the exertion rates in external marketplaces. Since on that point is no uniformity in the demand and supply of labor crossways the board, no single labor market exists for the same personal credit line. This makes assessment of fair compensation difficult as over narrowing of the market can lead to overcompensation of the employees. On the other hand, over broadening the market definition may lead to low wages being set by the company, which may not be enough to address to and retain top performing employees. How can a pay-for-performance system increase the motivation of individual employees and improve cooperation at the same time? In order to improve employee motivation and cooperation, companies should evaluate whether the employees have manipulate over their performance, and if there exists a relationship between the performance of the employee and the effort put it. The company must(prenominal) implement a suitable performance measure that takes into account that job effectiveness can imply several aspects not captured by the produced units, sales revenue, or cost. In most cases, employee cooperation influences organizational effectiveness. In a bid to increase motivation, a company may choose to indirectly tie all or some part of an employees salary to their performance. Alternatively, to promote team work, the company may link some incentives to group performance, and/or it could opt for a productivity or profit sharing plan across the board. Plans based on sharing the gains of a company thrive in situations where there is a affair climate in the o rganization. Here, employees are involved in making decisions that increase the performance of the company resulting in a companywide bonus. List and discuss three ways the HR department can contribute to positive(p) employee relations in a company. i. Equity employees want parity and the HR department should ensure that all employees feel respected in their capacity in the company. They should ensure fair treatment in areas concerning salaries, job security, and the benefits being issued by the company. ii. Achievement the HR department

Starbucks Case Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Starbucks Case Analysis - Essay ExampleThe object of analysis for the purpose of this appellation is Starbucks, a vibrant international face that offers a variety of products in the market, with its core business organism the production and sale of coffee-based products. The come withs products argon quite varied and include Frappuccino, double slam products, chilled cup coffees, canned and bottled coffees, coffee ice creams, fresh brewed coffee, customer CDs, and books. The company has an international market and features in countries including China, USA, UK, Europe and Canada. The companys initial mission was to be the Worlds premier purveyor of finest coffee without compromising its core principles. Currently, the companys mission is to inspire and nurture the human spirit - hotshot person, one cup, and one neighborhood at a time. The companys vision is to open three hundred net new stores locally and internationally. The company strategically intends to position itself as the undisputed coffee empowerment with a global presence. Like every otherwise organization, Starbucks has its strengths and weaknesses. The strengths of any organization propel it toward greater supremacy while its weaknesses pose a challenge to its continued success and existence. Yet again, every business organization exists in an environment what impacts its activities either positively or negatively. A strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis will be apply in analyzing the position of Starbucks relative to its competitors and success. Strengths Starbucks as a company has a long history having been founded in 1971(Shah and Thompson, nd). The company has undergone significant growth over the years establishing itself as a preferred band across geographical and territorial borders. Having been in operation with a history of success and a good reputation, the company is bound to achieve more success as it can easily capture a greater market share. The companys success history has been overseen by a dedicated management team. at a lower place the leadership of Howard Schultz, the management team has seen the company achieve significant growth in various lines of business. Orin Smith, Jim Donald and other directors of the company had a wealth of experience in their various specialties their weaknesses not withstanding. Currently, Howard Schultz remains the CEO of the company, his inscription and brilliant management and leadership skills bound to make the company retain its success path. Starbucks endevours to be a great place to exert(Shah and Thompson, nd). In this respect, it has taken several measures to ensure employee motivation, satisfaction, and dedication. The companys employees are sexual about the companys products and services and are free to communicate their ideas and feelings to management without the fear of liner reprisals. Some of the benefits that the companys employees enjoy include healthcare coverage, op portunity to own stock, and good work environments. Furthermore, the employees are trained on various aspects in respect of the companys products and services. Their contributions to the company are well recognized as the company has a recognition program. The situation that the company is in as a result of these measures is healthy considering that motivated and satisfied employees are never easy to lose. The companys turnover rate is significantly low which means that it benefits a lot in terms of amply reputation as a good employer, provides high quality service due to its highly undergo workforce and suffers low hiring and training costs. The company has a strong and loyal customer base across different countries. The company is bound to glide in success with such a level of think from its huge customer base. The company has instituted a number of measures to ensure that its customers are served wherever they are by opening several stores in various locations and through its franchises. Starbucks has a strong mission and is guided by principles that are

Information system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Information system - Essay sheathThese products are obtained through the food products manufactures. Fine nutrition Company finishes and packages these products for resale.This research is ground on the expound analysis of the new technology support implementation at the different demarcation divisions of the Fine Food Company. Here I will present the detailed analytical and technological analysis of the new pedigree and information technology based systems implementation at Fine Food Company. This report will be composed of the different analysis regarding assessment of the feasibility of the new information technology implementation. This will besides specify the some of the leading technology solutions for the business setup.The business of the Fine Food Company has obtained a steady growth in the business and organizational structure and offered a better business treatment and operational support for the all departments. Despite of grand enhancements the currently operati onal paper based work structure the performance of the business is still lacking high performance. This makes the overall working structure slight effective. The management of the business desired to implement a new technology based structure that offers the business enhanced performance and working capability. FFC management desired to implement the new information technology at four main departments or these are listed belowThe main strength of the new technology based system implementation. This new technology based structure will standardise the overall business operations and management manipulation. These systems will automate the overall business operations and will offer the easy handling of business data recording and effective management.The main weakness behind this technology implementation is choose for the effective human resource regarding the implementation of the new technology based platform. This will require the extensive investment in all areas. These can be human

The business and financial performance of an organisation over a three Dissertation

The line of descent and financial performance of an organisation over a three year catamenia - Dissertation ExampleThe company ranked within the Top 20 of all the online businesses. In the kinsperson of expressive style clothing, footwear, jewelry, and accessories, ASOS has claimed the number 1 spot and now believes itself to have no competitor. Most probably, the management sum that the other companies have stores while ASOS does not maintain stores. The organization is guided by its desire to apportion importance to people and the environment. To achieve acceptable working standards towards providing quality consumer corrects, ASOS joined ETI or respectable backing Initiative, a business alliance of trade unions, and NGOs (non-government organizations) that try to improve peoples lives. It has its own ASOS Ethical Code of Conduct. (See appended key principles in Exhibit I) The economy is presently still recovering from the set up of recession after two years. ASOS is one o f those corporations based in the UK that faced a great challenge against the recession, except for one big difference. As of April 13, 2011, this fashion retailer which operates online far exceeded the performance of UK in toll of recovery from the economic recession. In the three months to the end of March, international sales rose 161% to ?48.4 million comp atomic number 18d with a year ago.UK sales were up 24% to ?44.9 million. according to BBC (2011b). ... This provides an opportunity to utilize Financial Accounting tools and the soft Techniques for a c atomic number 18ful analysis of the business operations in order to discover how the company performed its business operations. It helps to identify the various sources of funding the business has used and its ability to takeout any more(prenominal) loans, the cost its incurring and its returns. It as well as allows to assess the risks involved in its operation and to make an estimate for its hereafter performance. It will be a challenge to unravel the mystery of ASOS performance. There was no news just about how the company arrived at an excellent result of operations. But there were praises. First of all, the company Annual Reports are operable online. Secondly, this is a modern way of doing business in the fashion clothing industry, because most retailers are selling mostly through departments stores opened in many countries, while ASOS focuses more on online fashion retailing. Knowing more about financial management for such operations will add more education and insights for the eventual readers of this formal paper. Studying the financial data, strategies, and other aspects surrounding the business of ASOS will also lead to discoveries about the risks involved, the opportunities of investing by buying stocks of ASOS in the near future, and factors or indicators about the prospects of good or bad future performance. Finally, this kind of business is new to most people. The hope is that by anal yzing the available information, something new will be added to the field of knowledge. 1.2 Project objectives The objectives are To be able to review and lose it the Annual Reports using the qualitative and

Long-range planning is nowdays seen as an academic exercise Essay

grand- slog planning is nowdays seen as an academic exercise - Essay ExampleIt must be understood that planning is done to achieve authentic goals. Long condition goals can specify where the organization would like to be a few old age in the future. Goals are stated as the intention of the organization that are specific, measurable, cover key endpoint areas, challenging, and should have defined time periods. For individuals and workers at a given company, the goals may be linked to rewards (Welch, 2005). At the same time, planning specifies the means for achieving the organizations goals (Daft, 2000). However todays businesses operate in a highly volatile environment and managers are concentrating more and more on short term results. The statement given at World Economic Forum correctly suggests that Long-range planning is nowadays seen as an academic exercise and this is fast becoming a widely accepted truth.Nevertheless in the interest of business as a going concern, the vali dity of the statement and legitimacy of long range planning needs to be re-valued. This paper focuses on discussing the merits and demerits of long range planning and aims to answer if it understood is a necessary exercise or merely an academic exercise which can be disregard if other functions of management continue to perform at or better than expected levels. Before such(prenominal) an analysis is undertaken, it is important to know why the focus on the short term results is so predominant.Long term planning is getting more difficult and focus is shifting from it due to basic agreement of increased volatility in the worldwide corporate as well as business environment. On top of that, the present financial community including stock/company analysts and mutual fund managers often evaluate the performance of many securities based on short term results. This means that a company presenting watertight short term results can have its stock be given better performance reviews by pee rs. For individuals within the company, rewards such as bonuses, promotions and the like could

World History Bringing it All Together Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

World History Bringing it All Together - Essay exemplificationWitness, for example, the impact of gunpowder not only its role in the early Mongol invasions of Japan, but the spill the beans effect it created throughout history as that technology spawned not only primary improvements in the core itself, but also tactical warfare revolutions into the medieval baronies and even later. This is only one example of a single new technology changing society and civilization forever.Discussion 2 - Inequality. Certainly when viewed from todays perspective, the transfer social and gender inequality during this time is repugnant. Mans inhumanity to man has always been a shocking take leave of history, and the socialized stigma of being a woman, or a Jew, or a slave certainly recognized no individual human right in the modern sense. That said, however, I want to flavour that it was upon these unequal foundations that civilization was built. Accepting the status quo was the very mindset that allowed those enslaved by the Romans to build the empire. Without the technological schooling of the Romans, built on the backs of those slaves, we wouldnt have running water.

Merger and Acquisition in China Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Merger and Acquisition in China - Coursework ExampleThis was undertaken in the chance variable of a qualitative study as the author was obtaining subjective information relating to the failure of this merger/acquisition. This was undertaken in the form of primary research. The qualitative methods were besides chosen as the information obtained was used to develop themes and form conclusions on the reasons behind the collapse of the DANONE and Wahaha Group deal (Cooper and Schindler 2003, Creswell 2003, Hair et al 2003, Saunders et al 2003) that will be multipurpose for determining the advantages and disadvantages of establishing mergers and acquisitions in the Chinese market. The primary research with the head of Wahaha demonstrated the escape of openness or the no willingness to discuss this issue in great detail. The benefits derived by China from its merger and acquisitions activity with authentic nations include increased development and economic activity. The benefits also include the acquisition of new technology, knowledge and skills, which would pack otherwise taken significantly longer to achieve, and for a relatively lower price. However, the main disadvantages are that of the lack of knowledge of mergers and acquisitions as they are mainly driven by the developed world. Mergers and acquisitions do occur in China regularly, but this is different to such activities with companies that are not Chinese.Table of limitTable of Contents41.0 Introduction51.2 Significance of the study 101.3 Research objectives111.5 Research mold 122.1 Mergers and Acquisitions and the Stock Market152.1.1 The merger and acquisition environment162.2 Cross touch Mergers and Acquisitions182.2.1 Cross Border problems faced by Chinese companies202.2.2 Countermeasures faced by Chinese companies22 2.4 Business Culture262.5 Introduction to Case Study273.0 Methodology284.0 Results334.1 Primary Research334.2 Secondary Research345.0 Discussion496.0 end point566.1 Recommendations 596.2 Limitations607.0 References611.0 IntroductionThe open door policy initiated by Deng Xiaoping in China in1992 with the intention to push forward Chinas economic progress brought in considerable wealth in the form of Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) (Galbraith, 2000). This policy enabled institutional stir (North 1990), which in turn created opportunities for investment into the Chinese economy. What was different about this policy was that it was a gradual change and not a sudden change as experienced in other developing countries, which led to bankruptcies and high costs (Campbell and Lindberg 1991). This policy also placed emphasis on external capital policy, the foreign exchange system, and it also offered promising conditions for foreign investors (Galbraith, 2000). This policy has since reaped dividends given that the main mode for FDI into the Chinese economy has been through foreign funded and joint make believe companies. This has also reflected in figures which show that between 1990 and 1996, China managed to attract approximately $230 billion of foreign capital, with 20% of that amount coming from developing nations (Galbraith, 2000). However, the open door policy

The Form and Function of The Eucharist in Modern, British Christianity Essay

The variety show and Function of The Eucharist in Modern, British Christianity - Essay ExampleFrom the time Psychology became an independent theatre of enquiry the psychologists started studying religious phenomenon, especially rituals like the Eucharist. But for the exception of Islam and Buddhism all religions have whatever form of devote. The Christian sacrifice of Eucharist is, in a way, the perfection of all the sacrifices that the world has witnessed, because it is the sacrifice performed by the Messiah Himself. Since no more sacrifices are required to atone for earthly concern, Christ Himself ordered mankind to perform the sacrifice in the form of Eucharistic celebration in which the materials used are vino and bread. But though the material used are wine and bread they turn into the body and filiation of Christ. To find out the level of participation in UK two approaches have been used. To find out the universal attitudes to Eucharist the tool of Focus Group was used. The study yielded ten different attitudes to Eucharist, ranging from wholehearted involvement to union apathy. Finally the statistical information on UK public to religion was used .It revealed that religion is matter of curb interest to UK public. Eucharist, par excellence, is community worship. Since the modern British Christians are members of religion only from the point of face of statistics only the participation in the Eucharist, is not matter of importance to them.Religious phenomenon started attracting the attention of scholars only in the latter half of 19th century. Religion was a subject surrounded in mystery and in the main scholars did not study it as they studied other subjects. Subjects like sociology, anthropology and psychology however started making their ledger entry into the study of religion. The attempt was praiseworthy as thinking man or woman is able to conflate his /her faith experience in the light of reason. In fact, many people thought that Darwin s bring in would be the death knell of peoples faith in religion. But even later on Darwin religion remains .The

Implications of Clonal Genome Evolution for Cancer Medicine Essay

Implications of Clonal Genome exploitation for Cancer Medicine - Essay ExampleIn addition, the indites delegate their level of acquaintance of the topic at hand in that it is pretty fluent going by the education presented in the past, present and early application of genetics in the treatment of pubic louse. The above implies that the authors pass a huge bank of companionship of the issue. This is a fact that is difficult to refute as plain the terms utilise in the article only ooze competence in the field of battle by even the comparisons made between trustworthy aspects of cells as found in the research work. Such a thing can only be done by a person with adequate knowledge on the issues at hand, and not anyone who thinks they fork up adequate information on the topic, which is the case with this article. In consecrate to collection to the emotions of the sense of hearing, the authors have a total of strategies that come in handy to content delivery. As such, th e authors apply facts and the informative nature of the article to appeal to the audience in that, by being based on a science subject, it brings forth information directly. In relation to this, the article does not leave the audience to seek the important point for themselves exclusively instead, contains every kind of information that the audience would need to comprehend. The pathos of the article begins with the direct statement of the actor or goals of the article and graduates to the evolution of cancer, which is presented with facts about evolutionism, and then goes provided to make deductions of the implications of the history to modern times.... th a strong sense of authority in genetics based on the lingo applied to deliver the content, which is a non-hesitant flow of word after word, which all show how much interest the author has. As such, the authors express their interest in the issue following the efforts that have been made in the field of medicine in order to inc h closer to some form of treatment and understanding of cancer and its implications. With this in mind, the article shows how much the authors have gone through in order to deliver the content, which is further proof of their vested interest in the subject of evolution and cancer for the audience to pay attention. In addition, the authors show their level of knowledge of the topic at hand in that it is pretty fluent going by the information presented on the past, present and future application of genetics in the treatment of cancer. The above implies that the authors have a huge bank of knowledge of the issue. This is a fact that is difficult to refute as even the terms applied in the article only ooze competence in the field by even the comparisons made between certain aspects of cells as found in the research work. Such a thing can only be done by a person with adequate knowledge on the issues at hand, and not anyone who thinks they have adequate information on the topic, which is the case with this article. In order to appeal to the emotions of the audience, the authors apply a number of strategies that come in handy to content delivery. As such, the authors apply facts and the informative nature of the article to appeal to the audience in that, by being based on a science subject, it brings forth information directly. In relation to this, the article does not leave the audience to seek the important point for themselves but instead,

Explain the contribution of Teresa of Avila to mysticism Essay Example for Free

Explain the portion of Teresa of Avila to mysticism EssayTransfer-Encoding chunked i? Explain the contri exception of Teresa of Avila to mysticism (35) Mysticism is an aspect of spiritual realise that is little understood. This term has been used to describe experiences that find spiritual recognition of truths beyond normal taking into custody, from the mildly ecstatic to the occult. It has been said that there are sealed features which accompany such experiences which enable their recognition, such as a sense of freedom from the limitations of time, space and the kind ego. Believers may alike experience a sense of whizzness or unity with God, accompanied with rapture and serenity. Mysticism is seen as the closest a human being can ever come to real meeting God in this life. Mystical experiences can also be classified into two areas extrovertive, where one experiences unity in the world through the physical senses and introvertive, where the person loses their identit y as a break up individual and slowly merges into the divine unity. A key introvertive mystic is Teresa of Avila. In examining her contribution to spectral experience, a good place to figure out is considering her background. Teresas background may be key to understanding her enigmatic personality and experiences.She was a woman from a wealthy background and had a turbulent start in life. When she was seven her mother died, and when she was fourteen she ran away to seek martyrdom. She had an alleged make out affair with her full cousin that tarnished her reputation and effectively made her unmarriable. This, coupled with her obsession with books of chivalry, may have corrupted her view of what love really is. Her father decided to send her into an Augustinian convent where she was very unhappy. This sense of rejection played a major disrupt in her later unearthly experience.It was while she was in the convent that her religious experiences began. In 1554 she had a deeper con version when she apothegm a statue of Jesus after he had been whipped. She was deeply moved and wrote, I felt so keenly aware of how poorly I had thanked him for those wounds that, it seems to me, my heart broke. I threw myself down before him with the greatest outpouring of heart. later this experience she progressed into a life of intense prayer and the Catholic dress of mortification, so much so that he motto became, Lord, either let me suffer or let me die. She was also deeply influenced by the Confessions of Augustine and other theological books although she did not have access to the Bible. Perhaps the single most influential experience she had was when she came back from the dead after suffering from what is thought to have been malaria. This increased her notoriety. Moving on, Teresa was encouraged to compose about her experiences and her books continue to influence mysticism today. Her two main writings are Way of paragon and The Interior Castle. Way of Perfection is considered her spiritual autobiography.Here she emphasises the importance of praying mentally as well as vocally. In sixteenth century Spain the common people were encouraged to re fastidious themselves to vain repetitions of learned-off prayers, Teresa rejected this in favour of a more personal relationship with God. Her superbly inspiring classic on the practice of prayer is as fresh and meaningful today as it was when she first wrote it. The Way of Perfection is a practical guide to prayer setting forth the Saints counsels and directives for the attainment of spiritual perfection.Through the entire work there runs the authors desire to teach a deep and lasting love of prayer beginning with a treatment of the three essentials of the prayer-filled life fraternal love, detachment from created things, and true humility. St. Teresas counsels on these are not save the fruit of lofty mental speculation, but of mature practical experience. In The Interior Castle she compares the soul to a castle with seven rooms, with the Trinitarian God residing in the inner room.Growth in prayer enables the worshipper to reach a deeper intimacy with God, symbolised by a progressive journey through the rooms of the castle. She also describes the resistance that the Devil places in various rooms, to keep believers from union with God. Throughout, she provides encouragements and advice for spiritual development. Teresas writings omit Biblical references due to the Spanish Inquisition restricting access to the scriptures, and this grieved her. William James identified four characteristics of religious experience ineffability noetic quality transiency and passivity.All of these care clearly apparent with Teresas experiences. start with ineffability, this is when one experiences a feeling that cannot be described to anyone else. She wrote that, the soul is fully awake as regards God, but wholly asleep as regards the things of this world. Secondly, noetic quality is when the mys tic experience gives insight into truths unobtainable by the intellect alone. This is also apparent in Theresas experiences when I return to myself, it is wholly impossible for me to mistrust that I have been in God, and God in me. Thirdly, transiency.The religious experience does not last for long, ordinarily half an hour or so. Though they are remembered, they are imperfectly recalled, but recognised if they reoccur the receiver usually feels a profound sense of the importance of the experience. Associated with Teresas raptures are always visions. Her most known vision involved her seeing a small angel with a beautiful face retentivity a long golden spear tipped with a little fire which he campaign into her heart. Finally, there is passivity, when the mystic feels as if they have been taken over by a superior power.In Teresas case, her visions were sometimes accompanied by levitation or strange screams. It could be this aspect that led some(prenominal) to believe she was possessed by the devil. In terms of impact, Teresa of Avila had a profound influence on religious experience. She the first female saint of the Roman Catholic Church the saint of headache sufferers, rather oddly. She was more or less of a reformer, emphasising a personal relationship with God above rigid sacramentalism. In 1562 she established the strict Carmelite order in various areas of Spain and her writings continue to be studied by believers today.

Comparison of Indirect Cost Multipliers for Vehicle Manufacturing Essay Example for Free

Comparison of Indirect approach Multipliers for fomite Manufacturing EssayDisclaimer This authorship was prep atomic number 18d as an account of work sponsored by an delegacy of the joined States Government. Neither the unify States Government nor whatsoever agency thereof, nor The University of Chicago, nor any of their employees or officers, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any in engineeration, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, producer, or otherwise does not ineluctably constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of document authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of t he United States Government or any agency thereof, Argonne National Laboratory, or The University of Chicago.COMPARISON OF INDIRECT COST MULTIPLIERS FOR vehicle MANUFACTURING INTRODUCTION In the process of manufacturing and selling vehicles, a shaper incurs true constitutes. Among these embodys ar those incurred now as a part of manufacturing operations and those incurred confirmatoryly in the processes of manufacturing and selling. The indirect follows may be output signalrelated, such as RD and engineering business-related, such as corporate staff salaries and pensions or retail-gross revenue-related, such as dealer support and marketing. These indirect be are recovered by allocating them to each vehicle.Under a stable, high-volume production process, the allocation of these indirect be can be approximated as multipliers (or components) applied to the direct court of manufacturing. A manufacturer usually allocates indirect follows to finished vehicles according to a corporation-specific pricing strategy. Because the volumes of sales and production vary astray by model within a corporation, the internal corporate part allocation of various accounting categories (such as profit or corporate overhead) can vary widely among individual models. Approaches also vary across corporations.For our purposes, an average grade is constructed, by means of a generic wine representative method, for vehicle models produced at high volume. To accomplish this, staff at Argonne National Laboratorys (ANLs) Center for Transportation Research analyzed the conventional vehicle price structure and developed indirect cost multipliers for passenger vehicles. This memorandum summarizes the results of an effort to compare and put on a common tooshie the cost multipliers used in ANLs electric and mark electric vehicle cost assessment procedures with those resulting from two other methodologies.One of the two compared methodologies is derived from a 1996 presentati on by Dr. Chris Borroni-Bird of Chrysler Corporation, the other is by brawniness and Environmental Analysis, Inc. (EEA), as described in a 1995 report by the Office of engineering judgment (OTA), Congress of the United States. The cost multipliers are used for scaling the component costs to retail impairments. ANL methodology The ANL methodology described here is sternd on an analysis concerned with electric vehicle production and operating costs (Cuenca et al. 2000 Vyas et al. 1998).The analysis evaluated the cost structure for conventional vehicle manufacturing and retailing and assigned shares of the manufacturers suggested retail price (MSRP) to various cost contributors. Multipliers developed from the ANL methodology are applied to the manufacturing cost of an individual component in order to scale the component cost to the retail price. Several cost contributors are included in the methodology, as summarized in slacken 1. Some of the vehicle components for electric and h ybrid electric vehicles would be procured from outside suppliers.This assumption is applied to electric drive components, excluding the battery the vehicle manufacturer would produce the rest. Thus, two cost multipliers, one for the components manufactured internally and the other for outsourced components, are necessary to cast the price of electric and hybrid electric vehicles. Outside suppliers would incur some of the costs normally borne by the vehicle manufacturer. In the ANL methodology, we assume that the costs of Warranty, RD/Engineering, and Depreciation and Amortization are borne by the rascal 1 suppliers of outsourced components.The outside suppliers would include these costs in their prices. The pursual two cost multipliers are computed by using cost of cause as the base embody multiplier for components manufactured internally = 100/50 = 2. 00. Cost multiplier for outsourced components = 100/(50 + 6. 5 + 5. 5 + 5) = 1. 50. Table 1 Contributors to Manufacturers Sug gested retail equipment casualty in ANL Methodology Cost course of instruction Cost Contributor relational to Share of Cost of vehicle MSRP Manufacturing (%) fomite Manufacturing Cost of Manufacture 1. 00 50. 0 take belt Warranty 0. 10 5. 0 RD/Engineering 0.13 6. 5 Depreciation and Amortization 0. 11 5. 5 incarnate Overhead Corporate Overhead, Retirement and 0. 14 7. 0 wellness marketing Distribution, Marketing, principal 0. 47 23. 5 Support, and Dealer terminate pairing of Costs 1. 95 97. 5 Profit Profit 0. 05 2. 5 Total Contribution to 2. 00 100. 0 MSRP METHODOLOGY DERIVED FROM BORRONI-BIRD PRESENTATION In his presentation, entitled automotive Fuel Cell Requirements, at the 1996 Automotive Technology Development Customers Coordination Meeting, Borroni-Bird included charts on the Typical American Automobile Price/Cost Breakdown. The charts provided a lifelike breakdown of vehicle price, showing cost contributors and profit. We used the charts to arrive at percentage sh ares of vehicle price by various contributors. Table 2 shows the resulting allocation. Page 2 Table 2 Price/Cost Breakdown Based on Borroni-Bird Presentation Cost Category Cost Contributor a Vehicle Manufacturing Fixed Cost Selling Sum of Costs Profit MSRP a Material Cost fictionalization Labor and Other Manufacturing a Costs Transportation/Warranty Amortization and Depreciation, Engineering RD, Pension and Health Care, Advertising, and Overhead Price Discounts Dealer Markup Automobile Profit.Relative to Cost of Vehicle Manufacturing 0. 87 0. 13 0. 09 0. 44 Share of MSRP (%) 42. 5 6. 5 4. 5 21. 5 0. 10 0. 36 1. 99 0. 06 2. 05 5. 0 17. 5 97. 5 2. 5 100. 0 These two contributors are scaled to sum to 1 in the tercet column, as in Table 1. In his presentation, Borroni-Bird did not evaluate the treatment of in-house or outsourced components. His methodology does not lend itself to easy computation of cost multipliers comparable with those in the ANL methodology, unless we make a few as sumptions.We create faux that Material Cost, interpreted together with gathering Labor and Other Manufacturing Costs, would form the Vehicle Manufacturing base for the in-house components. The costs of Transportation/Warranty, Amortization and Depreciation, and Engineering RD would be borne by the suppliers of outsourced components. However, Amortization and Depreciation and Engineering RD costs were merged with Pension and Health Care, Advertising, and Overhead costs by Borroni-Bird. We simulated that half of the costs down the stairs this category would be borne by the suppliers of outsourced components.Our assumptions led to the following cost multipliers Cost multiplier for components manufactured internally = 100/(42. 5 + 6. 5) = 2. 05. Cost multiplier for outsourced components = 100/(42. 5 + 6. 5 + 4. 5 + 10. 75) = 1. 56. These cost multipliers are very similar to those computed with the ANL methodology. Comparison of ANL and Borroni-Bird Methodologies The instruction fr om Tables 1 and 2 is shown in terms of cost categories in Table 3. Both methodologies use vehicle manufacturing cost as the base and add other costs to it.The share of MSRP attributable to Vehicle Manufacturing is 50% in the ANL methodology, compared with 49% in the Borroni-Bird Methodology. Borroni-Bird feature several cost contributors under Fixed Cost. These contributors include (see Table 2) Amortization and Depreciation, Engineering RD, Pension and Health Care, Advertising, and Overhead. Except for the cellular inclusion of Advertising, Production Overhead and Corporate Overhead in the ANL methodology can be combined to form an equivalent category.ANLs total of 24% by production Page 3 and corporate overheads is somewhat lower than the total of 26% by Borroni-Bird. The ANL category of Selling, which includes Distribution, Marketing, Dealer Support, and Dealer Discount, is broader than that of Price Discounts and Dealer Markup specify by BorroniBird, and this categorys cont ribution is understandably slightly higher in the ANL methodology. The share of MSRP by Profit is the same in both methodologies. The absolute differences, computed as ANL value minus Borroni-Bird value, are 1% for Vehicle Manufacturing, 2% for Fixed Cost, and 1% for Selling cost.Table 3 Comparison of Vehicle Price/Cost Allocation by ANL and Borroni-Bird Methodologies ANL Methodology Cost Contributor or Category Vehicle Manufacturing Production Overhead Corporate Overhead Selling Sum of Costs Profit MSRP EEA METHODOLOGY The methodology of nix and Environmental Analysis is summarized in the OTA report OTAETI-638, entitled Advanced Automotive Technology Visions of a Super-Efficient Family Car, print in September 1995. The values of some cost contributors are not listed in the report.Moreover, depreciation, amortization, and tooling expenses are assumed to be case-specific and therefore must be computed for each case. In order to make the EEA and ANL methodologies comparable, some as sumptions were necessary. These assumptions are described in the summary below. The EEA cost equations can be simplified as follows Cost of Manufacture = Division Cost ? 1 + Division Overhead Manufacturer Cost = Cost of Manufacture + Assembly Labor + Assembly Overhead ? 1 + Manufacturing Overhead + Manufacturing Profit + Engineering Expense + Tooling Expense + Facilities Expense Retail Price alike = Manufacturer Cost ?1 + Dealer border Borroni-Bird Methodology Share of Cost Contributor or Category Share of MSRP (%) MSRP (%) 50. 0 Vehicle Manufacturing 49. 0 17. 0 Fixed Cost 26. 0 7. 0 23. 5 Selling 22. 5 97. 5 Sum of Costs 97. 5 2. 5 Automobile Profit 2. 5 100. 0 MSRP 100. 0 Page 4 The report lists the following values for overhead, profit, and dealer margin Division Overhead = Supplier Overhead = 0. 20 (We assume that region and supplier overheads are equal only the supplier overhead is given in the report. ) Manufacturing Overhead = 0. 25 Manufacturing Profit = 0.20 Dealer Marg in = 0. 25 Because the documentation in the OTA report does not provide values for Assembly Labor, Assembly Overhead, Engineering Expense, Tooling Expense, and Facilities Expense, cost multipliers cannot be computed directly from these info. The Assembly Labor and Assembly Overhead share of MSRP is 6. 5% in Borroni-Birds presentation. The engineering, tooling, and facilities expenses can be taken as the sum of RD/Engineering and Depreciation and Amortization from the ANL methodology, at 12% of the MSRP.In deriving the division cost and price relationship below, we use the term Retail Price Equivalent (RPE) from the OTA report rather of MSRP. The RPE can be computed as follows RPE = = = Division Cost ? 1. 2 + 0. 065 RPE ? 1. 45 + 0. 12 RPE ? 1. 25 Division Cost ? 2. 175 + 0. 268 RPE Division Cost ? 2. 175/(1 0. 268) = Division Cost ? 2. 97 Putting ANL and EEA Methodologies on a Common Basis As it was described in the OTA report, the EEA methodology did not provide enough data to c ompute the cost multipliers.We assumed some cost shares to be the same between the EEA, Borroni-Bird, and ANL methodologies while ontogenesis the above relationship between Division Cost and RPE. The EEA methodology is based on the material and wear upon costs of a division of the vehicle manufacturer, with other costs added on. The ANL methodology evaluates an assembled vehicle, using the vehicle manufacturing cost as the base cost. The ANL methodology also assigns additional costs to the outsourced components, whereas the treatment of such components is not gather in in the EEA methodology.We have attempted to develop a common tail for the ANL and EEA methodologies by assigning shares of the net vehicle price, RPE in the EEA methodology, to individual cost categories similar to those listed in Table 1. Table 4 presents such a summary for the EEA methodology. Three cost contributors, Division Cost, Division Overhead, and Assembly Labor and Overhead, are combined under the Vehic le Manufacturing category. Two cost contributors, Manufacturing Overhead and Engineering, Tooling, and Facilities Expenses, combine to form the Overhead category.The Dealer Margin in the EEA methodology represents a factor applied to all manufacturer costs and profit. We assumed that this factor represents all costs of selling the vehicle. Although the profit is computed at the manufacturing level by EEA, we moved the profit to the privy of the table to be consistent with prior tables. The cost allocation in Table 4 allows us to compute the in-house components cost multiplier as follows Cost multiplier for in-house components = 100/(33. 7 + 6. 7 + 6. 5) = 2. 14 Page 5 To compute the cost multiplier for an outsourced component, one more assumption is necessary.In the ANL methodology, we assumed that the supplier will bear the costs of Warranty, RD Engineering, and Depreciation and Amortization. However, the EEA methodology does not identify the warranty cost separately. We assumed it to be half of Manufacturing Overhead at 5. 05%. This, with the earlier assumption related to Engineering, Tooling, and Facilities Expenses, led to the following computation Cost multiplier for outsourced components = 100/(33. 7 + 6. 7 + 6. 5 + 5. 05 + 12) = 1. 56.These multipliers, adapted from our extension of theE EA information on vehicle costs, are very close to those derived from the ANL and Borroni-Bird methodologies. Table 4 Contributors to Retail Price Equivalent in EEA Methodology Cost Category Cost Contributor a Vehicle Manufacturing Overhead Selling Sum of Costs Profit Manufacturing Profit Total Contribution to RPE a Division Cost a Division Overhead Assembly Labor and a Overhead Manufacturing Overhead Engineering, Tooling, and Facilities Expenses Dealer Margin Relative to Cost of Vehicle Manufacturing 0. 72 0. 14 0. 14 0. 22 0. 26 0. 49 1. 97 0. 17 2. 14 Share of RPE (%) 33. 7 6. 7 6. 5 10. 1 12. 0 22.9 91. 9 8. 1 100. 0 These trio cost contributors are scaled to sum to 1 in the third column, as in Table 1. Comparison of ANL and EEA Methodologies The information from Tables 1 and 4 is presented in terms of cost categories in Table 5 for easy comparison. The Vehicle Manufacturing cost share is 46. 9% in the EEA methodology, compared with 50% in the ANL methodology. EEAs RPE share of 22. 1% by overhead is lower than the ANL value of 24%. The cost of selling is 22. 9% in the EEA methodology, which is close to the ANL value of 23. 5%. The largest difference is in the RPE share by profit, which is 8.1% in the EEA methodology, more than three times the ANL value of 2. 5%. According to Economic Indicators The Motor Vehicles Role in the U. S. Economy (American Automobile Manufacturers Association 1998), the average net income before taxes for the three domestic manufacturers was 3. 9% during 1994-1997. Aside from vehicle sales, this value (3. 9%) includes income from spare parts sales and vehicle financing. Thus, the profit share appears very high in t he EEA methodology. The absolute differences computed as ANL value minus EEA value are 3. 1% for component/material cost, 1.9% for overhead, 0. 6% for selling, and 5. 6% for profit. Page 6 Table 5 Comparison of Price Allocation by ANL and EEA Methodologies ANL Methodology Cost Contributor or Category Vehicle Manufacturing Production Overhead Corporate Overhead Selling Sum of Costs Profit MSRP compendium An attempt to put three methodologies for automobile cost allocation on a common basis is presented in this technical memorandum. This comparison was carried out to verify the reasonableness of the cost multipliers used in ANLs cost models for electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles.When put into a common format, by means of certain assumptions, the three approaches yielded the cost multipliers provided in Table 6. Table 6 Summary of Cost Multipliers Computed on a Common Basis Multiplier for In-House Components Outsourced Components ACKNOWLEDGMENT Funding for the analysis p resented here was provided by the Planning and sound judgment function of the Office of Transportation Technologies of the U. S. Department of Energy, managed by Dr. Philip Patterson. This technical memorandum is produced under U. S. Government exhort No.W-31-109-Eng-38.REFERENCES American Automobile Manufacturers Association, 1998, Economic Indicators The Motor Vehicles Role in the U. S. Economy, Detroit, Mich. Borroni-Bird, C. , 1996, Automotive Fuel Cell Requirements, Proceedings of the 1996 Automotive Technology Development Customers Coordination Meeting, U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Transportation Technologies, Washington, D. C. ANL 2. 00 1. 50 Borroni-Bird 2. 05 1. 56 EEA 2. 14 1. 56 EEA Methodology Share of Cost Contributor or Category MSRP (%) 50. 0 Vehicle Manufacturing 17.0 Overhead 7. 0 23. 5 Selling 97. 5 Sum of Costs 2. 5 Profit 100. 0 RPE Share of RPE (%) 46. 9 22. 1 22. 9 91. 9 8. 1 100. 0 Page 7 Cuenca, R. M. , L. L. Gaines, and A. D. Vyas, 2000, Evaluatio n of Electric Vehicle Production and Operating Costs, Argonne National Laboratory Report ANL/ESD-41, Argonne, Ill. (to be published). Vyas, A. , R. Cuenca, and L. Gaines, 1998, An Assessment of Electric Vehicle Life rack Costs to Consumers, Proceedings of the 1998 Total Life Cycle Conference, SAE International Report P339, Warrendale, Penn. , pp. 161-172.

Police Today Essay Example for Free

Police Today EssayPolice officers atomic number 18 around to keep us safe and atomic number 18 viewed as individuals who not only follow the faithfulness exactly ensure that others do the same. Though this is the usual case, not always do our patrol officers dress these ideas. Problems amongst the police force restrain been around since prohibition and are only increasing in our solemn and corrupted society. Corruption, on-the-job dangers, and the use of deadly force are all issues facing the police departments today. Since the old age of prohibition, corruption amongst officers has been a problem. Back when bootleggers were on the rise, officers were paid off to keep quiet about the use of alcohol. In todays society Police crimes consist of beating innocent citizens, protecting medicate dealers, accepting bribes, and murder. Often times big cities experience this through the protection of street gangs and drug dealers. It seems the tradition of paying officers off f or illegal activity hasnt yet dissipated in our neo times in fact, it appears its gotten worse.The old pattern of payoffs by the mob to top cops has changed to local police officers being bought off by drug dealers and street gangs. So now instead of just the learn few cops being bought, the city police who might have actually been trusted before are being controlled by criminals as well. Everyday police officers experience crime first-hand, and their jobs can potentially be extremely dangerous. This year, twice as many police officers have been killed in the line of duty than plump year. Easier accessibility to firearms, weapons, and the growing amount of illegal narcotics on our streets play a big role in the perils of the criminal justice field. Illegal narcotics link directly to violent crime. Gangs, prostitutes and other illegal activities being cut by corrupt officers also have something to do with the toils and hazards that confront an officer who is committed to their jo b. Another reckon is our juveniles, who are becoming more violent and willing to do wrong than ever before.With the rest of our adult male being such a treacherous place, and with drugs and trafficking appearing easier and more prosperous than education and a career, its no shock that so many kids are pursuing that lifestyle than ever before. Police officers have to handle these threatening activities on a day to day basis. When theres so more corruption in the force, its difficult for anyone, even the most committed to make an impact on the crimes, especially in big populated cities. Every day in the United States, police officers submit challenges that whitethorn cause them to resort to deadly force. Under these circumstances, officers are forced to use what they get or have learned during training to come to a reasonable conclusion of what to do next. Their decision may at the time seem like it is a necessary one however, an officer must bring in the repercussions of his or her actions. Deadly force is a serious item of interest in the community.Citizens like to throttle to insane conclusions, such as hate crimes or racism. Conclusions like these can scar an officers reputation no matter what the verdict in a court of law. This can make malevolency family members and friends of the victim, and essentially mar the police force as a whole. The Department of country of origin Security helps to unattackable our borders, airports, seaports and waterways research and develop the latest security technologies respond to natural disasters or terrorists assaults and analyzes intelligence reports. The Department of Homeland Security is above state and local police and tells them what to do and when to do it.They are the brains behind everything states do. The federal government and the DHS interact with each other to develop new technology, stop and prevent terrorism, and secure borders. The DHS could cleanse relationships with the local and state police b y involving them more in the decision making, seeing as how they know the area they are policing better than the higher ups who are elsewhere involved. Police officers, as necessary to our safety device and well-being as they may be, have many flaws. Corruption, on the job dangers, and deadly force are just a few of the contributing problems of our law enforcement. Never will these dangers completely reside but with a rise in police patrol and less corruption amongst the force, our police system could be stronger than ever.

Geography Resource Question Essay Example for Free

Geography option Question EssayStudy figure 4 what evidence is there to suggest Wem needs re-branding? utilize figure 4, it is rattling apparent to me that Wem needs re-branding. The disputation the town hall is va canistert means that outstanding council meetings can be held so no changes can be decided on. The fact that it is vacant shows a lack of interest in the community, which makes it non a very desirable place to live. The next statement from a local businessperson Too many shops are shut-its like a decease place, is an example of de- universe of discourse as there arent enough people in the area to knock off money locally. This creates a lack of jobs which eventidetually leads to deprivation. People have a low income and usually ugly health and housing conditions, so the younger, more than qualified people move to where there are jobs (brain drain). other indicator from figure 4 that suggests Wem needs re-branding is the fact that North Shropshire District Co uncil are asking how they can better market Wems market town image. This implies that it has a bad image or they would not need to better it. Places only usually have a bad image when they show signs of deindustrialisation, depopulation, dereliction or deprivation and therefore need re-branding. Also, elderly resident states how the swimming pool was nearly closed in(p) in 2004 and that it is only open on a shoestring. The fact that it nearly closed and is exempt in danger of doing so is a sign of deprivation and shows that the town lacks stability. If it did close there would be an even larger lack of jobs and it would reduce Wems sphere of influence. A mother of two shows that Wem has a low sphere of influence already.She says I prefer to shop in Shrewsbury which is only 6 miles absent. It as well as shows that Wem lacks chain stores, which drives people away from the town centre meaning less money washed-out there causing shops to close like previously mentioned. Even peop le that say positive things near Wem still suggests indirectly that it needs re-branding. Its a wonderful place to retire to, creates an ageing population which puts pressure on services such as health care and creates a need for more care workers. Elderly people have a low income and are not able to go by much in shops, therefore less money is put back into Wems economy.This is called Grey Pounds. It also creates a de-multiplier effect. Good High School here-100% A-Level passes is also a negative thing because it means a lot of people with good qualifications have to move away to get jobs the brain drain. This creates de-population and also an even larger ageing population. The last statement from a business commuter talks about comely house prices. They are reasonable because Wem is in a spiral of decline and shows signs of depreciation so very few people want to move there, meaning owners have to lower house prices.

Re-Branding Sunsilk Back Into the UK Hair Market Essay Example for Free

Re-Branding Sunsilk butt Into the UK Hair Market EssayOriginally launched in the Netherlands in 1956, Sunsilk provides tomentum finagle solutions in 80 countries just around the globe. No matter the bull type or problem, we have the products and the know how to make your pilus savor and look beautiful. Our passion in life is to help women celebrate looking beautiful everyday, anywhere. Bad fuzz days are historyTake on life with confidence and consign bad cop days to the bin with Sunsilk. Our range of products incorporates various natural ingredients and extracts with their own specific properties chamomile for cleansing without limpness, ginseng extract for strength and more for any and all requirements. Get great advice and tips on cop care from us too.Key facts* Number 1 in Asia, Latin America and the Middle East * sales of more than 1 gazillion a year * Sells in 80 countries * Also change as Elidor, Hazeline, Seda and Sedal * Recent awards Holds the Guinness wor ld record for the most heads of hair washed and styled in cardinal daySunsilk is a hair care brand, primarily aimed at women, produced by the Unilever group, which is now considered the worlds leading company in hair conditioning and the second largest in shampoo1. Sunsilk is Unilevers leading hair care brand, and ranks as one of the Anglo-Dutch conglomerates billion dollar brands. Sunsilk shampoos, conditioners and other hair care products are sold in 69 countries worldwide. Sunsilk is sold beneath a variety of different names in markets around the world including Elidor, Seda and Sedal. The brand is strongest in Asia, Latin America and the Middle East and is the number one hair care brand in India, Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Thailand.* 1954 Sunsilk scratch launched in the UK.* 1955 First advertisement of Sunsilk appeared on TV. * 1964 frame of Sunsilk hair spray. * 1968 Sunsilk shampoo re-packaged in PVC bottles. * 1971 Launch of Sunsilk conditi oner. * 1975 Sunsilk became the biggest name in hair care. * 2003 Sunsilk glossy magazine launched in Argentina. * 2008 Social networking site camp of Girls was introduced in India.First advertisingSunsilk began advertising in 1955 with a campaign that focused on specific hair issues. In the UK, the campaign focused on shiny hair. During the 1960s, a television commercial of Sunsilk featured a tune composed by John Barry, The girl with the sun in her hair, which proved so popular that it was subsequently released as a pop single. Sunsilk radio commercials were aired in 1969 featuring Derek Nimmo to support the upstart Sunsilk Herb shampoo for problem hair called Hairy Tales. In the early 1970s, Sunsilk was advertised with the slogan each(prenominal) you need is Sunsilk.Celebrity associations Madonna, Shakira, Marilyn Monroe, and Marian Rivera all featured in Sunsilks 2008 advertising campaign Life pottyt Wait3 which launched with a Super Bowl XLII spot. The philosophy behind the campaign was about girls taking positive steps to gain better control of their lives Hair On = Life On. Actress and former Miss World Priyanka Chopra is the brand ambassador for Sunsilk in India. 4 In 2009, singer Delta Goodrem was announced as the face of Sunsilk in Australia. The singer and her music have since featured in several Sunsilk adverts.5 In 2007, British girlband Girls Aloud launched a campaign for Sunsilk after securing a sponsorship deal worth over 1,000,000.6 Members Nicola Roberts, Nadine Coyle, Cheryl Cole, Kimberly Walsh and Sarah Harding all correspond the brand, which included shooting a television commercial. Sunsilk withal sponsored their following tour.MagazineIn 2003, Sunsilk (Sedal) launched the first hair only glossy magazine in Argentina aiming to communicate to the professional hair industry. More than 800,000 copies are published each month. The magazine focuses on hair, fashion and beauty issues as well as showcasing hairdressers work. It is sold locally on unexampleds stands and distributed to hair salons.Gang of GirlsIn 2008, Sunsilk India launched a social networking site called Gang of Girls 7, which offered its users access to a variety of local and global experts to address various hair care needfully through its content, blogs and live chat room. The site includes rich content of hair care and fashion, and users can also take part in interactive games and quizzes.In 2011, Sunsilk was listed in The Brand Trust Report published by Trust Research Advisory.Co-Creation collaborationFrom 2009 Sunsilk started working with a number of professional hair experts to develop new and improved products. Each hair issue variant links to an expert with the relevant specialist hair knowledge. For example, Dr Francesca Fusco, a New York dermatologist, co-created a hairfall variant for the brand. The line up also includes Jamal Hammadi for Black Shine, Rita Hazan for vivacious Colour, Teddy Charles for Plumped Up Volume, Thomas Taw for Damage Reconstruction, Ouidad for Defined Curls and Yuko Yamashita inventor of Japanese hair straightening cover YUKO for Perfect Straight.AvailabilitySunsilk is available in over 60 countries worldwide. However Sunsilk products seem to be no longer available in the United States. The Sunsilk website has a list of countries where their products are sold, the USA is not one of them.

Critically analyse and evaluate current developments Essay Example for Free

critic ally analyse and evaluate current developments EssayIn the 1980s and 1990s the sail attention maxim the emergence of a new market, which was younger people with considerable in occur but no families. The term DINKYs was given to these couples which meant Double Income No Kids Yet These couples were tenuous to tar loll around as they had plenty of disposable income and they do not have any children to worry about, being able to go on holiday, when they like and where they like, sp intercepting their note time together and not having to worry about the price. In 1990s 15% of the passengers who traveld with PO and Princess Cruises were from the UK and re searches showed that there is still an active UK market. In 1998, the UK cruise market was expanding dramatically. Companies which had operated in the traditional holiday market were adding cruising to their portfolio and greatly increased their supply of cruise holidays for the UK market.Although cruising is loved by many travellers, there is still a astonishing 98% of the population who have not taken a cruise, reasons identified by Dickinson and Vladimir (1997) cited in Cartwright and Baird (1999) revealed phoebe bird main reasons why people do not cruise which consist it being too expensive, the exclusivity, family commitments, claustrophobia and sea sickness. Disabled consumers The disabled consumer group have become more interested in the cruising industry, many cruise liners did not offer ships which catered to disabled people.Now with the Disability Discrimination Act 1995, where all places who offer emolument have to make reasonable adjustments the cruise liners had no choice but to build disability-friendly rooms for their traveling disabled passengers. Not saying that they did not have these rooms before, but some cruise liners did not offer this service for the disabled consumer group, and it was against the law. There should be no problems for disabled people finding a cruise l iner suitable for them as all cruise liners now offer richly disabled facilities within the ships to cater to the disabled consumer group. Family CruisingIn the 1990s a major development which was companies targeting families with children was put in place, by providing facilities not only for the adults but also for the children to enjoy, now in 2005, almost every cruise line offers family cruises. If a cruise liner does not offer a family cruise they atomic number 18 missing out on making lots of money. Although there argon still some cruises which specifically do not allow children, reason being because these cruises be for the older / retired people who do not appetite for screaming, noisy, crying children and babies when they are trying to relax. Being a kid is all about having fun.Coincidentally, so is vacation. however kids and parents rarely agree on what is fun. To parents, fancy dinners, late night shows and reading by the pool are fun. Kids have more fun playing gam es, doing scavenger hunts, and going down waterslides. The proficient news is that all of these activities occur on a cruise, making a cruise the vacation of choice for todays families. Under the oversight of the youth staff, kids can play video games, eat pizza and play in a stumblebum pit, while parents relax and have a fabulous five course meal. It is a parents and kids dream come true (familycruise. com online 2005)The quote above was taken from www. familycruise. com an internet site which specifically caters for family cruises. Helping families to plan holidays which depart keep both parents and kids happy on their holiday. Parents love to go on cruises so they have to be able to find a ship which caters for the family, letting the children have a good time on the cruise and also for the parents to relax and not have to worry about looking after their kids and remember about what they are doing and are able to do on-board. The cruise industry has continued to grow prompt ly since the introduction of family cruises.This might be receivable to parents now being able to have their dream holiday, a cruise, and not have to worry about their children as they can go too and have fully trained sitters to look after their kids and keep them occupied all day long. Price Cheap prices are what the lower-end consumers are looking for. A good price with an add up cruise holiday, they cannot expect more than that as they are not paying a high price for a luxury cruising holiday. Although the cruise industry is very expensive, there are still many consumers who like to go on cruises.This could be due to status, as only the wealthier people can afford to go on these high-class cruises. In 1999, it was thinkable to obtain a seven day cruise from the UK for i 399 per person, which then was cheap compared to the top end cruises which were around i 2000 per person. Now in 2005, cruises prices start from i 599+ per person. This is rather expensive as the average famil y spends around that price for a holiday a year, not per person. Cheaper cruising prices should be being introduced and this would be an excellent idea as many lower-end consumers want to experience a good cruise but unluckily do not have the funds.If cruise liners offered cheaper cruises with good experiences not only the wealthy passengers can go but so can the lower-end customers. Incentives Cruises in America often have many deals which include, prices starting from $399, disk before Jan and receive an extra nights stay, children under 16 cruise for free and many more. This is a good way to make more sales and allow people to pick their company to another one. As there are many incentives available which is what the consumers are looking for as they are paying a high price for their cruising holidays.Receive our special Early-Booking discount and free hotel stay. (cruise. gr online 2005) The quote above is very common within the cruise industry, this is the type of incentive the consumer wants to see to help motivate them to purchasing the holiday. Consumers today are very greedy and like value for money, if they are buying on the internet they will unendingly look for sites which offer them incentives towards their holidays, or when buying in travel agent they will try to get some freebies towards their holidays.

Computerized Payroll System for GTZ Printing Press Essay Example for Free

Computerized Payroll System for GTZ Printing Press EssayI am grow no words at my command to express our deepest sense of gratitude to the almighty GOD, the most Gracious, the most charitable and the most Beneficent, who gives us the talent to know this task successfully. He is the one who gave us the courage to do this. I am argon much obliged to our beloved parents whose prayers have enabled us to reach this stage. At this occasion we cant forget our parents for their guidance at the crucial moments of our life. I am are very thankful to Marmolejo Naryvic T. whose guidance is always with us. Who always encouraged us and his guidance us to complete this project. We are greatly thankful to our adviser Ms. Cecilia Abaricia who helped us in proposal writing and gave us a lot of helping material and suggestion. Her specific comments, corrections, critiques and criticisms were the most helpful.Acknowledgement The queryer would like to acknowledge the pastime persons in making th is research work successful Almighty God, for the gift of wisdom and strength in creating this kind of research work Ms. Cecilia Abaricia thesis adviser, for her time, patience, and effort in sharing her knowledge in correcting this research work Naryvic T. Marmolejo for his instructions and tips in the development of the system that was developed by the researchers. Mr. Alex Hipolito, Finance Officer, for sharing his expertise in payroll procedures of their company And above all to the Great Almighty God who give us strength, courage presence of mind, guidance and inspiration to finish my study.

The Fragmented Authoritarianism of the Chinese State Essay Example for Free

The Fragmented Authoritarianism of the Chinese State look forAsoke Kumar Mehera (emailprotected com) (Ex-Teacher of La Mart College of Technology, Sydney) In post-reform period, Chinese articulate is creating and sponsoring NGOs in order to transfer to them certain functions that it employ to perform itself under the command system of the socialist era.NGOs in reform-era China represent both take exception and continuity in pass on-society relations. It is easy to observe the semi-official nature of some NGOs and the states tight positive restrict of the sector demonstrates the evidence of continuity. The officially organized NGOs are comprehensively dependent on the state agencies that created them and be amaze more like subordinate units of the agencies than independent entities.Actually, Private entrepreneurs are depended on official endure for access to bureaucratically allocated resources, political protection and socio-political legitimacy. On the other hand, It i s also easy to notice a change in the predominantly popular grow of the other NGOs and a certain degree of impropriety (regarding marginalised interests like HIV, same-sex relationships etc. ). There are genuinely bottom up NGOs that set their own agendum and seek to influence governance policies and try to bring all important(predicate) issues to public attention.The arbitrary use of administrative power by the state agents, bureaucratic control over the resources, constant fluctuation in giving medication policies and an ineffective sanctioned system, have all contributed to an uncertain environment for NGOs in China. Many popular NGOs have engaged in entrepreneurial activities with their contacts in the government. The states failure to discipline the agents and bureaucrats whose protection and complicity change NGOs to evade supervision and engage in inappropriate activities to generate finance.Actually, a vast majority of NGOs are interested mainly in finding ways to ex ploit state-controlled resources for their own benefit, rather than compete the political usance conventionally ascribed to polished society. There are various ways for NGOs to advance their interests, such as forging patron-client ties with officials, operating through networks of personal relations that cut cross the state-society divide or providing political support to the state in exchange for its sponsorship.The self-serving entrepreneurialism of the NGOs (sometimes as part of sponsoring agencies) has apparently been a fairly common problem. Although scholars are still debating about the nature of the Chinese state entrepreneurialism and corporatist state control over NGOs in post-reform era but the nature of state- genteel society interaction can be summarized as dependent autonomy. As per break up authoritarianism, the state has retained its dominant role in socio-economic sphere and the authority below the very peak of the system has become more fragmented and dis giv eted as a result of economic reform.A research on the NGOs carried out in 2000 shows that popular NGOs active in the field of womens rights, tries to hide the cases from mass media because it would directly criticize the topical anesthetic authorities and police, whose goodwill is important for their existence. Many NGOs consider their relationship with government agencies and officials as the most important of all their relationships. Many officially organized NGOs at local levels are simply tools for local government agencies to create agency slush funds.Various qualitative and quantitative studies of Chinas political culture have identified a number of features that are not conducive to collective action and civil society activism. These include elitism, fatalism, and lack of cooperative spirit and group solidarity. Individual NGOs need to pool their resources and join hands with other likeminded people and organizations to challenge government policies which prioritize economic growth over environmental protection. It is not unjust to apply macro political theories such as civil society and corporatism for explaining the tangible behaviour of NGOs.Actually, we need to relate NGO studies to such issues as state capacity, political culture, and the evolving state-society relations in China. The growth of autonomous NGOs in China will not necessarily result in the reading of a thriving civil society, which needs a competent state structure and impartial legal system. The unethical alliance between local officials and entrepreneurs is basically for the mutual benefit and above all, at the disbursement of the policies of the central state and the interests of other social groups.Public interest has not been served properly as the state lacks the capacity to enforce rules within the welfare sector largely comprised by NGOs. Actually, the state apathy to civil welfare is depicted by the fact when the central government orders all state agencies to de-link the mselves from the economic entities. It is not a good foundation for a healthy civil society. Dependent autonomy is not a type of state- society relations that favours the interest of the state (Yiyi Lu, 2012).

Drug Abuse Essay Example for Free

medicine Ab give endeavorThe first edition of the report on medicate maltreat has been do by our group to micturate an idea of the calamitous cause of use medicates in improper way. The report is intended to serve the break up of providing the knowledge about medicine pace and to suggest ways to help limit medicate demoralize. An sweat has been made on our part to accommodate certain symptoms which indicate drug abuse. Also throughout the report, crying use of the drug abuse has been made to instate into the minds of the reader the cause of using drug abuse in an illegitimate mannerThe selection of the topic drug Abuse has been made in order to motivate us of the menace of drug abuse. We live in a world where speed is the name of the game. A world where we jakes non halt even for second or more or less adept else get out zip fast us to retain our place. People say that it is a beautiful world if only we take time to take in around. But a world has tur n into a place where humanity cannot survive, only steel can. In this fast paced, ruthless, aggressive environment, there be easy ways out. Alcohol, cig arttes, drugs, argon some of the most touristed substances ab apply by slew in order to include a false sense of peace, to tolerate a short precisely powerful divulge from the worries and troubles of their daily lives to provide a style of scat from the harsh realities of biography. This report is intended to be a reminder to such folk who have allow their life be washed away by drugs.In the following report, we discuss the various aspects of drug abuse. Ranging from its impact on the younger generation to the way if affects the fields of competitive sports, we presents a comprehensive written report on the topic of drug abuse. Also discussed argon the forcible personal make caused by excessive use of drugs. drugs like charas and its derivatives bhang have a long history of use in Indian mythology and tradition. Popul ar television receiver shows, pop culture, musics, video represents the medium through which children are influenced today. Abuse of narcotic and psychoactive stimulants somas the eye of most popular music videos. Parties in metropolitan cities today are not concluded without the accustomed party drugs. Available easily on the street, at rates not affected by inflation, drugs are among the most harmful items on any persons shopping list.In the following report, an campaign has been made to discuss the causes cure for drug abuse. This report is intended for all audiences.AcknowledgmentWe would like to prove our gratitude to our guide and mentor Prof.Santosh Bhagat , PCT in charge , who over the past semester has guided, corrected and provided us with inevitable direction whenever the need arose. But for his invaluable guidance, illuminating discussion and constant encouragement, our report would have been a distant dream.We would standardisedly like to thank Mrs. Kalyani, f or her unique way of teaching us and arousing our interest towards the better point in times of chat skills and report writing.Also we would like to thank all those who co-operated with us and gave their invaluable inputs, advice and suggestion to the do of this reportSummaryDrug abuse is the use of illegal drugs, or the defile of prescription or over-the-counter drugs. In the sense of consuming illicit drugs like cocaine or overdose of flocculent drug in the medicine like crocin. Drug abuse likewise includes the administration of drugs by athletes to resurrect their ability in the respective sport. Drug abuse can not only endanger the physiologic balance of the body, just also it disturbs the stability of the society.Addiction is a chronic, often relapsing genius disease that causes compulsive drug look foring and use despite harmful consequences to theindividual who is knock offed and to those around them. Drug dependance is a brain disease because the abuse of drug s bears to changes in the building and function of the brain. Although it is true that for most plurality the initial decision to take drugs is voluntary, over time the changes in the brain caused by recurrent drug abuse can affect a soulfulnesss self control and ability to make sound decisions, and at the uniform time target intense impulses to take drugs.It is because of these changes in the brain that it is so challenging for a psyche who is addicted to stop abusing drugs. Fortunately, there are treatments that help people to counteract habituations powerful amputateive effects and regain control. Research shows that combining addiction treatment medications, if available, with behavioral therapy is the best way to ensure success for most patients. Treatment approaches that are well-kept to each patients drug abuse patterns and any co- amountring medical, psychiatric, and social problems can lead to bear on recovery and a life without drug abuse.Similar to other chron ic, relapsing diseases, such as diabetes, asthma, or heart disease, drug addiction can be managed successfully. And, as with other chronic diseases, it is not rare for a someone to relapse and begin abusing drugs again. Relapse, however, does not signal failurerather, it indicates that treatment should be reinstated, adjusted, or that alternate treatment is needed to help the individual regain control and recover.However, the main motive of the text edition is to minimize drug abuse. The message maintained throughout the text is to be confident in oneself and not to resort to drugs through ones phase of glum. The key is to beat drug abuse is not vigilance. It is will power, assurance and the strength of human spirit.IntroductionIm so happy because today Ive raise my friendsTheyre in my head, Im so ugly, but thats okay, cause so are youWeve broken our mirrors, Sunday morning is every day for all I careAnd Im not scared, Light my candlesIn a shock absorber, cause Ive nominate GO D-Kurt cobain,NirvanaThese lyrics made into wonderful song by the band nirvana express the jots of a person who has just administered cocaine, a drug that capsizes the human ability to think. This person is very happy with his life. All his problems seem like daze to him. He is rid of all mortal aspects of life. Then isnt this is a wonderful flummox? swell this experience caused due to administration of certain illicit drugs is called is high. This high enables the person to reach amiable take of peace and calm. However, as sir Newton said what goes up must come down .and the higher it goes the hardest it falls. The person who administered the drug experiences a feeling know as the fragmentise, wherein he enters into gloomy state of drop-off. This state of depression doesnt leave the person till he administers the drug back again. This in turn makes the person addicted towards the drug and thus makes the person abuse drug further more than.When an individual begins to abuse dr ugs, the whole family is affected. Depending on the severity of the addiction, they whitethorn begin to steal or borrow money from the family, act strange and discharge days living on the street. The only thing that is important is how they will get their next high. in that location may be conflicts in the family about how to treat this individual. Some may continue to support him succession others adopt a tough love strategy. It is difficult to know what to do, and heartbreaking to see anindividual engender a slave to a drug.The recent incidents of drunken driving causing severe facilities on Indian roads are considered by many as concrete evidence of drug abuse among minor, and also as a case of severe indifference and neglect among their parents. Now, drug abuse is turning into a menace that has engulfed the world. Lets fight collectively against this menace. Lets learn about drug abuse. What is really means and how one can conquer it.What is drug abuse?Drug abuse, also known as substance abuse, refers to a maladaptive pattern of use of a substance that is not considered dependent. The full term drug abuse does not exclude dependency, but is otherwise used in a similar manner in non medical contexts. The terms have a huge range of definitions related to pickings a psychoactive drug or performance enhancing drug for a non-therapeutic or non-medical effect. All of these definitions affect a negative judgment of the drug use in question (compare with the term responsible drug use for alternative views). Some of the drugs most often associated with this term include alcoholic beverage, amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cocaine, methaqualone, and opioids. routine of these drugs may lead to criminal penalty in addition to possible physical, social, and psychological harm, both strongly depending on local anaesthetic jurisdiction. early(a) definitions of drug abuse fall into four main categories public wellness definitions, mass conference and vernacular usage, medical definitions, and political and criminal justice definitions. Drug addiction is when you become dependent on a drug, and it forms a central part of your life. Misusing drugs can lead to physical dependency, or psychological dependency. tangible dependency means that your body has become so used to a drug that you get physical withdrawal symptoms if you stop taking it. This means that you have to keep taking the drug to stop yourself feeling ill.Psychological dependency means that you take the drug because it has formed a large part of your life, and you take it to make yourself feel good. You may feel that you cannot stop taking the drug, even though you arenot physically dependant. Some drugs can make you both physically and psychologically dependent.As you take more of a drug, your body becomes tolerant to it so it does not have such a strong effect. This means that you need to take large amounts to get the same effect as when you started taking it.Drug misuse is when you take illegal drugs, or when you take medicines in a way not recommended by your refer or the manufacturer. Taking medicines in very large quantities that are dangerous to your health is also an face of drug misuse.Examples of drugs that are commonly misused includeIllegal drugs,Alcohol,Tobacco,Prescribed medicines including painkillers, sleeping tablets, and cold remedies, computerized axial tomography (a leaf that is chewed over several hours), andGlues, aerosols, gases and solvents.What happens to your brain when you take drugs?Drugs are chemicals that tap into the brains communication system and disrupt the way nerve cells normally send, receive, and make for information. in that location are at least two ways that drugs are able to do this (1) by imitating the brains lifelike chemical messengers, and/or (2) by over stimulate the reward circuit of the brain.Some drugs, such as marijuana and heroin, have a similar structure to chemical messengers, called neurotransmitters, which are naturally produced by the brain. Because of this similarity, these drugs are able to fool the brains receptors and activate nerve cells to send abnormal messages.Other drugs, such as cocaine or methamphetamine, can cause the nerve cells to release abnormally large amounts of natural neurotransmitters, or prevent the normal recycling of these brain chemicals, which is needed to take out off the signal between neurons. This disruption produces a greatly amplified message that ultimately disrupts normal communication patterns.Nearly all drugs, directly or indirectly, target the brains reward system by flooding the circuit with dopamine. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter present in regions of the brain that control movement, emotion, motivation, and feelings of pleasure. The over stimulation of this system, which normally responds to natural behaviors that are linked to survival (eating, spending time with loved ones, etc), produces euphoric effects in resol ution to the drugs. This reaction sets in motion a pattern that teaches people to repeat the behavior of abusing drugs.As a person continues to abuse drugs, the brain adapts to the overwhelming surges in dopamine by producing less dopamine or by reducing the number of dopamine receptors in the reward circuit. As a result, dopamines impact on the reward circuit is lessened, reducing the abusers ability to enjoy the drugs and the things that previously brought pleasure. This decrease compels those addicted to drugs to keep abusing drugs in order to attempt to bring their dopamine function back to normal. And, they may now require larger amounts of the drug than they first did to achieve the dopamine high an effect known as tolerance.Long-term abuse causes changes in other brain chemical systems and circuits as well. Glutamate is a neurotransmitter that influences the reward circuit and the ability to learn. When the optimal concentration of glutamate is altered by drug abuse, the br ain attempts to compensate, which can impair cognitive function. Drugs of abuse advance no conscious(conditioned) learning, which leads the user to experience uncontrollable cravings when they see a place or person they associate with the drug experience, even when the drug itself is not available. Brain imaging studies of drug-addicted individuals show changes in areas of the brain that are critical to judgment, decision making, learning and memory, and behavior control. Together, these changes can drive an abuser to seek out and take drugs compulsively despite adverse consequences in other words, to become addicted to drugs.why do some people become addicted, while others do not?No single part can predict whether or not a person will become addicted to drugs. try for addiction is influenced by a persons biology, social environment, and age or stage of development. The more risk factors an individual has, the greater the chance that taking drugs can lead to addiction. For examp leBiology The genes that people are born(p) with in combination with environmental influences account for about half of their addiction vulnerability. Additionally, gender, ethnicity, and the presence of other mental disorders may influence risk for drug abuse and addiction.Environment. A persons environment includes many assorted influences from family and friends to socioeconomic status and quality of life in general. Factors such as peer pressure, physical and cozy abuse, stress, and parental involvement can greatly influence the course of drug abuse and addiction in a persons life.Development Genetic and environmental factors interact with critical developmental stages in a persons life to affect addiction vulnerability, and adolescents experience a double challenge. Although taking drugs at any age can lead to addiction, the earlier that drug use begins, the more likely it is to progress to more serious abuse. And because adolescents brains are still developing in the are as that govern decision making, judgment, and self-control, they are especially prone to risk-takingbehaviors, including trying drugs of abuse. unearthly usage of cannabis (charas) in Indian history and traditionCannabis was used in Hindi culture as early as 1500 BCE, and its ancient use is confirmed within the Vedas (Sama Veda, Rig Veda, and Atharva Veda). There are three types of cannabis used in India. The first, Bhang, consists of the leaves and plant tops of the marijuana plant. It is usually consumed as an infusion in beverage form, and varies in strength according to how much Cannabis is used in the preparation. The second, Ganja, consisting of the leaves and the plant tops, is smoked. The third, called Charas or Hashish, consists of the resinous buds and/or extracted resin from the leaves of the marijuana plant. Typically, Bhang is the most commonly used form of cannabis in religious festivals.Connection of marijuana with the worship of shivaCannabis or ganja is associated with worship of the Hindu deity Shiva, who is popularly believed to like the hemp plant. Bhang is offered to Shiva images, especially on Shivratri festival. This normal is particularly witnessed at temples of Benares, Baidynath and Tarakeswar. Bhang is not only offered to the deity, but also consumed by Shaivite (sect of Shiva) yogis. Charas is smoked by some Shaivite devotees and cannabis itself is seen as a gift (prasad, or offering) to Shiva to aid in sadhana. Some of the meandering(a) ascetics in India known as sadhus smoke charas out of a clay chillum. During the Hindu festival of Holi, people consume a drink called bhang which contains cannabis flowers.3335 According to one description, when the elixir of life was produced from the churning of the sea by the devas and the asuras, Shiva created cannabis from his own body to purify the elixir (whence, for cannabis, the epithet angaja or body-born).another(prenominal) account suggests that the cannabis plant sprang when a drop of the elixir dropped on the ground. Thus, cannabis is used by sages due to association with elixir and Shiva. Wise drinking of bhang, according to religious rites, is believed to cleanse sins, unite one with Shiva andavoid the miseries of hell in the after-life. In contrast, foolish drinking of bhang without rites is considered a sin. Regarding Buddhism, the fifth instruction is to abstain from wines, liquors and intoxicants that cause heedessness.Most interpretations of the fifth precept would therfore include all forms of cannabis amongst the intoxicants that a Buddhist should abstain from consuming. However, the Buddhist precepts are guidelines whose purpose is to encourage a moral lifestyle rather than universe strict religious commandments, and some lay practitioners of Buddhism may choose to consume cannabis and other easy intoxicants occasionally. Cannabis and some other psychoactive plants are specifically prescribed in the Mahkla Tantra for medicinal purposes. However, Tantra is an esoteric teaching of Buddhism not generally accepted by most other forms of Buddhism.Drug Abuse EffectsDrug abuse effects include damage to the physical, emotional, and psychological parts of the body. In addition, they compromise the social aspects of regular family, friends and job-related relationships. Drug abuse effects involve the physical body extensively and according to the kind of drugs that are used.Drug abuse effects injure the brain in a variety of ways, includingHallucinationsMood swingsChemical imbalancesOver-stimulation of dopamine (the pleasure center)Disruption of regular sleep/wake patterns worry and nervous system stimulationThese injuries impede regular brain processing mechanisms. They block the pathways and make the process of decision-making harder. Drug abuse effects cause lapses in memory and exaggerate reactions to events. Effects also include failing to respond to consequences and events in the environment. When someone is preoccupied with t he effects of the drug or is focused on the pleasure center of the brain, they fail to notice anything else.Drug Abuse Effects and Stress Management heading well with stressors is based on the ability to find options to obstacles. This requires observation, patience and reasoning ability. All of these coping mechanisms are compromised due to drug abuse effects. Specifically, they make stress management difficult because they Encourage a drop of impulse controlAlter the perception of eventsBlock the ability to make sound judgmentsPromote obliviousness the tendency to focus on the sensations of the high to the extremeTrigger knee-jerk reactionsStimulate frustration and anger responsesOther drug abuse effects encompass an array of unexpected and serious symptomsUsers of cocaine and check out experience a crash in mood elevation after the effects of the drug wear off. The crash is described as feelings of depression, craving for more of the drug, emptiness and irritability. These dru g abuse effects are the requirement conditions to the addiction. More ofthe drug is used to get rid of the negative feelings produced by the crash.Some drug abuse effects spur flashbacks. These episodes are spontaneous recurring instances similar to the high produced by the drug tho that they occur at a time when the drug was not in use.Most drug abuse effects are the symptoms of withdrawal. These include poor physical coordination, nausea, anxiety, paranoia, muscle spasms and abdominal cramping.More severe drug abuse effects can be caused by the transfer of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases from person to person by sharing needles and syringes.The most devastating drug abuse effects are overdoses. Overdoses occur when people do not know how much of the drug the body can accept at one time and when increased amounts of the drug are injected or ingested in order to produce the same intensity of drug abuse effects.Effects of Drug AddictionIt is often difficult with drug and alco hol addiction to decide is something a CAUSE or an EFFECT.Did the depression CAUSE the addiction or did the crapulence cause the depression?Did the alcoholism CAUSE the family problems or where the family problems an EFFECT of the addiction.Often no one knows for sure.Q What are the major effects of drug addiction?It is everybodys problem. An addict might sayIm not hurting anybody. Im only hurting myself.However, we can quickly see that the contestation is false, because there is no such thing as an addict who is only hurting him/herself. The problem is found everywhere, from the rich and privileged, to the lost members of society.For over 30 years the United States government has had its War on Drugs, but in that time frame we have seen in increase in crime, increase in health care costs and an alarming increase in the use of dangerous drugs such as cocaine, heroin, crack and methamphetamine.The War on Drugs has also brought on stark naked research, a greater number of treatment facilities, new and sometimes controversial theories on treatment, advances in drug addiction medications, but are we winning?The effects of drug addiction are far reaching and can be seen in the home, on the job, in churches and in schools.QWhat are the effects of drug addiction on health?If left unchecked, the drug is expiry to win. Drug abuse is a disease of the brain, and the drugs change brain chemistry, which results in a change in behavior. Aside from the obvious behavioral consequences of addiction, the negative effects on a persons health are potentially devastating.While addicts use drugs to feel better, the unintended consequences include but are not limited to overdose, HIV/AIDS, stroke, cardiovascular disease and a host of related maladies.To understand this better you may want to read Get Sick to Feel Better a story of the negative effects of drug addiction Darcis story of the effects of drug addiction on her lifeSuicide is also a common effect of drug addiction.Depr ession is also an effect of addiction.QWhat are the effects of drug addiction on the family?One of the saddest aspects of the insidious nature of drug addiction is that by the time an addict realizes he/she has a problem, that problem has already taken a heavy toll on the family.Parents in treatment centers tell counselors and therapists that they want to get their kids back, as drug addiction has taken over to the point where the courts have been forced to remove the children from the home.Husbands and wives, brothers and sisters, and sadly children are all impacted. Families can be sources of strength and support, or they can passively enable the addiction to advance.Families can share in the victory over drug addiction, or they can be the victims of it.QWhat are the effects of drug addiction on the economy?beyond the personal health issues, beyond the devastating effect on families, beyond community crime statistics, drug addiction has a major impact on the American economy. The issue Institute on Drug Abuse reported that some $67 billion per year is the impact that drug addiction has on this country.This total includes the cost of law enforcement, incarceration, treatments, traffic injuries, lost time in the workplace, etc. Drug addiction causes impaired reasoning, and therefore the crime rate is dramatically impacted by drug use. Addicts have a much higher likelihood of committing crimes than others.Q What are the effects of drug addiction on our society?The National Library of Medicine estimates that some 20% of all people in theUnited States have used prescription medication for non-medical purposes. Were not talking about cocaine, heroin or methamphetamine use, but doctor-prescribed medication. You can easily see that if you group the two together, illegal drug use and prescription drug misuse, we have a huge problem.Q What are the effects of drug addiction on the Law?The intelligence information media reports daily struggles with theft, drive-by sho otings, drug busts, illegal trafficking and manufacturing of drugs, and arrests for crimes ranging from child neglect to murder. Look closer and chances are great that you will uncover a drug addiction component to any of these stories.Drug UseDrug Use in the General PopulationAccording to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services system (SAMHSA) 2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 15.9 million Americans ages 12 and older (7.1%) reported using an illicit drug in the month before the survey was conducted. More than 12% reported illicit drug use during the past year and 41.7% reported some use of an illicit drug at least once during their lifetimes.